Freeze-dried cortical bone allografts of a fine particle size were implanted into wide three-wall, two-wall, one-wall, combination, and furcation defects. Of the 97 defects treated, 23 manifested complete bone regeneration; 39 showed greater than 50%; and 24, less than 50% osseous repair. Twelve defects failed to demonstrate any bony regeneration, of which nine were furcation involvements. From the preliminary data available, there is strong evidence which indicates that freeze-dried bone allografts have definite potential as grafting material in certain periodontal osseous defects. However, final determination must await the outcome of a larger number of cases and also histologic evidence.

Freeze-dried skin (FDS) allografts and fresh autogenous free gingival grafts (FGG) were placed in five paired sites in four patients. Both types of grafts healed uneventfully. Evaluation over a 1-year period demonstrated no statistically or clinically significant differences between the FDS and FGG when: a) increase in the width of keratinized gingiva, b) decrease in recession, c) decrease in sulcus depth, k) gain in attachment level, or e) percent shrinkage of the graft were compared. It was concluded that FDS performs essentially similar to FGG in the correction of mucogingival problems, and has the advantages of decreased patient morbidity (no donor site) and availability of abundant amounts of graft material when needed.

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the clinical responses to freeze-dried skin allografts when used to correct mucogingival problems in humans. FDS was obtained by the NMRI Tissue Bank after processing by standard procedures. The recipient sites were prepared using the standard partial thickness dissection with apical periosteal separation. Rehydrated FDS was sutured into place to completely cover the recipient sites. Routine postoperative procedures were performed. Evaluations were made by means of calibrated periodontal probe measurements, Kodachromes, and radiographs preoperatively and up to 12 months postoperatively. Fourteen patients received 24 FDS allografts over a total of 56 tooth sites. All treated teeth showed a substantial increase (greater than 2 mm) in the width of the zone of keratinized gingiva at all postoperative time periods (2.88 +/- 1.57 mm at 12 months). Other findings included a mean gain of attachment of 0.40 +/- 1.08 mm, a mean decrease in recession of 0.12 +/- 0.91 mm, and mean decrease in pocket depth of 0.33 +/- 0.53 mm. Patient comfort was good, and there were no untoward sequelae, even in patients receiving multiple grafts. This study indicates that FDS allografts are an acceptable and beneficial material for treatment of mucogingival problems in humans.