A literature review was carried out to identify the key challenges in the implementation of telehealth. This was followed by a survey of organisations in England involved in telehealth projects in order to understand the challenges they faced. Ten of the 13 health or local authority organisations surveyed had telehealth projects and three were at the planning stage. The analysis revealed seven key challenges facing implementers of telehealth in England. Based on the findings from the literature review and the survey, a model was constructed and a checklist drawn up. The model contained the following elements: identifying issues, needs and partners; producing a strategy; securing funding; implementing changes; and monitoring and evaluating a telehealth project. The checklist was validated by using key informants from the organisations originally surveyed. The checklist may be useful to guide telehealth development and implementation in the future.
In this paper, we examine how the estimation method of the electrode
contact impedances proposed earlier works in two different laboratory
experiments. In the first experiment, the performance of the method was
studied for a tank filled with a homogeneous liquid. In this case a single
parameter for the contact impedances was used. In the second experiment the
method was tested with a single target within a tank. In this case the
contact impedances on all the electrodes were estimated. It was found
that in the two-electrode measurement protocol the estimation of the
electrode contact impedances improves reconstructions substantially. If
only a single electrode contact impedance value for all the electrodes
was estimated it was found that in certain cases it was not adequate.
Environmental changes greatly influence the evolution of populations. Here, we study the dynamics of a population of two strains, one growing slightly faster than the other, competing for resources in a timevarying binary environment modeled by a carrying capacity switching either randomly or periodically between states of abundance and scarcity. The population dynamics is characterized by demographic noise (birth and death events) coupled to a varying environment. We elucidate the similarities and differences of the evolution subject to a stochastically and periodically varying environment. Importantly, the population size distribution is generally found to be broader under intermediate and fast random switching than under periodic variations, which results in markedly different asymptotic behaviors between the fixation probability of random and periodic switching. We also determine the detailed conditions under which the fixation probability of the slow strain is maximal.
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