Welcome to the Autumn 2021 edition of Physiology NewsCover image: Designed by Sophie Minto. To view more of her work, visit sophieminto.co.uk/. The image was inspired by the feature article in this issue entitled "Nothing about us, without us: Are we asking the right questions in transgender research?" 6 President's View: Launch of The Society's new blue plaque scheme 7 Chief Executive's View: An exciting start to 2021 for The Society 8 Letters to the Editor News and Views 10 Reports of The Society's recent committee meetings 11 How can we make the STEM workforce more equitable? A new report suggests next steps 12 LGBTQ+ STEM @UCL Network: Fostering an inclusive and visible community 13 Wiley's new author name change policy 14 New colour accessibility policy for The Society's journals Features 16 The diversity of sex development: What do conditions affecting sex development teach us about sexual diversity? 20 Regard the end: Harnessing physiology to provide better understanding of the mechanisms underpinning frailty 24 Nothing about us, without us: Are we asking the right questions in transgender research? 28 Diversifying the case study: How far has physiology education come in integrating equality, diversity and inclusion into the curricula? 32 Tackling underrepresentation to aid understanding of Parkinson's disease: Progress and further opportunities Events 35 Future Physiology 2021: For early career physiologists, by early career physiologists 36 Conference for Black Physiologists 2021 Membership 38 Diversity and Inclusion Task Force: Introducing the members leading The Society's EDI work 42 My life journey as a physiologist in a developing country: Q&A with a Fellow Member 44 Thinking a little differently: A member reflects on life as a neurodivergent physiologist

Summary Our paper analyses the interdependence between the overall magnitudes and resistances of bipolar and augmented unipolar limb leads of electrocardiograms. The findings strongly indicate that the overall ratio of magnitude of the bipolar and augmented unipolar limb leads is not a constant value, whereas the overall ratio of resistance is a constant value. These results expand but partially contradict a previous study. The ratio of the magnitude of bipolar leads to augmented unipolar leads is between 1 and 4/3 with a mean value of 2/√3, and this ratio is a function of the electrical axis of the heart. Our results also show that the overall ratio of resistance between bipolar and augmented unipolar limb leads approaches the value of 4/3. Conclusively, the ratio of magnitudes between limb leads is not a constant value, the ratio of resistances can be assumed as a constant value and therefore the difference of magnitudes between limb leads cannot be explained with the Ohm's law