(Circulation 1990;82:507-513) In the early embryo, the heart is a loose interwoven mesh of muscle fibers.1-3 The developing myocardium gradually condenses, and the large spaces within the trabecular meshwork flatten or disappear. Trabecular compaction is normally more complete in left ventricular than in right ventricular myocardium. Noncompaction of ventricular myocardium (sometimes referred to as "spongy myocardium") is believed to represent an arrest in endomyocardial morphogenesis.4,5 The gross anatomical appearance is characterized by numerous, excessively prominent trabeculations and deep intertrabecular recesses. Rare in any case, noncompaction is almost invariably associated with other congenital cardiac malformations.45 Isolated noncompaction of left ventricular myocardium (INVM) (i.e., without associated anomalies) is rarer still.5-7 This report represents the largest study population to date.

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