The aim of this study was to examine the contact phase during the lateral push-off in the turn of front crawl swimming to determine which biomechanical variables (maximum normalized peak force, contact time, impulse, angle of knee flexion, and total turn time within 15 m) contribute to the performance of this turn technique. Thirty-four swimmers of state, national, and international competitive standard participated in the study. For data collection, the following equipment was used: an underwater force platform, a 30-Hz VHS video camera, and a MiniDv digital camera within an underwater box. Data are expressed as descriptive statistics. Inferential analyses were performed using Pearson's correlation and multiple linear regressions. All variables studied had a significant relationship with turn performance. We conclude that a turn executed with a knee flexion angle of between 100° and 120° provides optimum peak forces to generate impulses that allow the swimmer to lose less time in the turn without the need for an excessive force application and with less energy lost.
RESUMO Neste estudo descritivo exploratório avaliou-se as características biomecânicas do salto vertical de crianças de diferentes estágios maturacionais (inicial, elementar e maduro) segundo modelo de Gallahue (1989). Especificamente as variáveis entre os estágios foram caracterizadas e comparadas e foi verificada a contribuição de diferentes variáveis no desempenho. Participaram 39 escolares, seleccionados pelo processo casual sistemático. Utilizou-se uma plataforma de força extensométrica a 900 Hz, uma filmadora a 60 Hz e a matriz analítica de Gallahue (1989). Os dados dinâmicos foram normalizados pelo peso corporal, processados no sistema Peak Motus e filtrados via FFT Butherworth 4ª ordem passa baixa, corte a 30 Hz. Analisouse: pico e gradiente de propulsão, impulso vertical, impacto, tempo de vôo e ângulos de quadril e joelho na propulsão, vôo e queda. Utilizou-se a estatística descritiva, a ANOVA one-way com post-hoc de Scheffé e a regressão linear múltipla, com p≤ 0,05. Verificou-se diferenças significativas entre os estágios no tempo de vôo e ângulo de quadril nas três fases do salto e ângulo de joelho no ápice do vôo. O impulso vertical foi a variável que teve maior contribuição na performance. As crianças do estágio maduro melhor coordenaram os segmentos corporais na execução do salto vertical.
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