Foraging animals must often decide among resources which vary in quality and quantity. Nectar is a resource that exists along a continuum of quality in terms of sugar concentration and is the primary energy source for bees. Alternative sugar sources exist, including fruit juice, which generally has lower energetic value than nectar. We observed many honeybees (Apis mellifera scutellata) foraging on juice from fallen guava (Psidium guajava) fruit near others foraging on nectar. To investigate whether fruit and nectar offered contrasting benefits of quality and quantity, we compared honeybee foraging performance on P. guajava fruit versus two wildflowers growing within 50 m, Richardia brasiliensis and Tridax procumbens. Bees gained weight significantly faster on fruit, 2.72 mg/min, than on either flower (0.17 and 0.12 mg/min, respectively). However, the crop sugar concentration of fruit foragers was significantly lower than for either flower (12.4% vs. 37.0% and 22.7%, respectively). Fruit foragers also spent the most time handling and the least time flying, suggesting that fruit juice was energetically inexpensive to collect. We interpret honeybee foraging decisions in the context of existing foraging models and consider how nest‐patch distance may be a key factor for central place foragers choosing between resources of contrasting quality and quantity. We also discuss how dilute solutions, such as fruit juice, can help maintain colony sugar–water balance. These results show the benefits of feeding on resources with contrasting quality and quantity and that even low‐quality resources have value.
Resposta comportamental de Scaptotrigona depilis (Apidae: Meliponini) aos estoques de pólen / Roberto Gaioski Júnior. versão revisada de acordo com a resolução CoPGr 6018 de 2011.-Piracicaba, 2017. 47p. Dissertação (Mestrado)-USP / Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz". 1. Forrageamento 2. Produção de células de cria 3. Agricultura 4. Abelhas sem ferrão I. Título AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço em primeiro lugar ao CNPq e à A.B.E.L.H.A. pela concessão da bolsa que possibilitou esta incrível jornada de aprendizagem. À Dra. Denise A. Alves por aceitar me orientar como aluno no curso de Mestrado e também por todo seu auxílio e conselhos no desenvolvimento deste trabalho. Agradeço ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia do Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, ESALQ-USP e, em especial, aos Profs. Drs. José Maurício S. Bento Wesley Augusto C. Godoy pela receptividade e possibilidade de uso de equipamentos de seus laboratórios durante o desenvolvimento deste trabalho. Foi uma honra conhecê-los e trabalhar com vocês. Minha gratidão vai também aos funcionários do
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