Resumen. Se estudiaron los caracteres anatómicos de las especies de Neoevansia con el objetivo de evaluar la contr-ibución de la anatomía en la sistemática del género. Se analizaron caracteres de los sistemas dérmico, fundamental y vascular de tallo y raíz y compararon con los de algunas especies de Peniocereus, Wilcoxia y Echinocereus. Los resultados mostraron que N. striata se caracteriza por presentar hipodermis no colenquimatosa de un solo estrato y punteaduras intervasculares alternas en e lementos de vaso del xilema secundario; mientras que N. lazaro-cardenasii y N. zopilotensis se distinguen anatómicamente entre sí por el tamaño de las célu las epidérmicas y el grosor de la hipodermis. El incremento en volumen en las raíces tuberosas se relaciona principalmente a las divisiones del parénquima radial. Neoevansia lazaro-cardenasii, N. zopilotensis y N. striata comparten con Peniocereus la presencia de madera fibrosa y fibras sobre el floema . Los resultados apoyan las propuestas de varios autores de transferir a las especies de Neoevansia al género Peniocereus. Palabras clave: Neoevansia, Cactaceae, Cactoideae, anatomía del tallo, raíz tuberosa. Abstract. Anatomical characters of Neoevansia species were studied to gain insight in their contribution to the systematics of the genus. Characters of the dermal, fundamental, and vascular systems of the stem and root were evaluated and compared with severa] species of Peniocereus, Wilcoxia, and Echinocereus. The results revealed that N. striata is characterized by a noncollenchymatous unistratified hypodermis and alternate intervascular pits in vessel elements in the secondary xylem; while N. lazaro-cardenasii and N. zopilotensis can be distinguished by their epidermic cell size and hypodermis width. The increment in volume in Neoevansia tuberous roots is mainly related to cell divisions in rays. Neoevansia lazaro-cardenasii, N. zopilotensis, and N. striata share with Peniocereus the fibrous wood and the phloem fiber cap. The results support the proposals of severa! authors to transfer the species of Neoevansia to the genus Peniocereus.
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