Decompressive craniectomy results in a significant elevation of cerebral BFV in most patients with traumatic brain swelling and transtentorial herniation syndrome. The increase in cerebral BFV may also occur in the side opposite the decompressed hemisphere; the cerebral BFV increase is significantly greater in the operated hemisphere than contralaterally. Concomitantly, PI values decrease significantly postoperatively, mainly in the decompressed cerebral hemisphere, indicating reduction in cerebrovascular resistance.

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To date, despite modern advances in understanding, monitoring, and treating increased intracranial pressure (ICP), patients suffering from uncontrollable intracranial hypertension due to traumatic brain swelling most often either die or survive in an extremely disabled state [1][2][3] . It is well known that intracranial hypertension can lead to a reduction in cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and a potential ABSTRACT -The role of decompressive craniectomy in the treatment of severe posttraumatic cerebral swelling remains quite a controversial issue. To the best of our knowledge, there is no study demonstrating the effect of decompressive craniectomy on cerebral blood flow (CBF) velocity by means of transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD). We present two patients who developed traumatic brain swelling and uncontrollable intracranial hypertension with coma and signs of transtentorial herniation. One patient underwent bifrontal, while the second, unilateral, frontotemporoparietal decompressive craniectomy with dural expansion. In both patients, TCD examinations were performed immediately before and after surgery to study the cerebral hemodynamic changes related to the operations. Pre and postoperative TCD examinations demonstrated a significant increase in blood flow velocity in the intracranial arteries in both subjects. In conclusion, our cases suggest that decompressive craniectomy with dural expansion may result in elevation of CBF velocity in patients with massive brain swelling. The increase in CBF velocity appears to occur not only in the decompressed hemisphere, but also on the opposite side.KEY WORDS: brain swelling, cerebral hemodynamics, decompressive craniectomy, head injury, intracranial hypertension, transcranial Doppler sonography. Doppler transcraniano em doentes com tumefação encefálica pós-traumática submetidos à craniectomia descompressiva: relato de dois casosRESUMO -Atualmente, as controvérsias sobre os benefícios da craniectomia descompressiva no tratamento de doentes com tumefação encefálica pós-traumática ainda existem. Não há estudos disponíveis na literatura médica sobre os efeitos da craniectomia descompressiva na hemodinâmica encefálica avaliados pelo Doppler transcraniano. Estudamos dois doentes com tumefação encefálica pós-traumática associada à hipertensão intracraniana e evidências de herniação transtentorial. Um deles foi submetido à craniectomia bifrontal e outro, à craniectomia frontoparietotemporal unilateral. O primeiro doente apresentou seqüela neurológi-ca moderada e reintegração social, enquanto o segundo manteve-se em estado vegetativo. Exames de Doppler transcraniano realizados imediatamente antes e após a cirurgia revelaram aumento significativo da velocidade do fluxo sangüíneo nas artérias intracranianas de ambos os doentes. Concluiu-se que a craniectomia descompressiva com plástica de ampliação da dura-máter pode resultar em elevação da velocidade do fluxo sangüíneo encefálico nestes doentes. O aumento da velocidade do fluxo sangüíneo pode ocorrer nos hemisfé-rios cerebra...

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