Este texto muestra algunas limitaciones estructurales que los medios de comunicación (convencionales y digitales) imponen a la divulgación científica, en general, y a la sociológica, en particular. También discute el papel que desempeñan los científicos, en su condición de intelectuales, en la promoción del conocimiento sociológico, así como las dificultades que supone comunicar de un modo atractivo, pero no desvirtuado, a públicos amplios. El texto advierte el surgimiento de una nueva clase de intelectuales: los influencers; y, entre otras hipótesis, argumenta que los nuevos medios digitales pueden constituir una herramienta de gran utilidad para la comunicación sociológica y, por ende, para la mejora del proceso democrático, bajo el supuesto de que la sociología debe aplicarse no solo en proporcionar conocimientos prácticos sobre la sociedad, sino que también debe contribuir a que los ciudadanos aprendan a pensar los problemas sociales de una manera científica.
In 2015, the local government of the city of Madrid (Spain) introduced an electronic participation system. This initiative stemmed mainly from the social movements that had occupied the squares of many Spanish cities since 2011. As a result of the local elections in 2015, many of those same activists gained institutional power, took citizens’ participation very seriously, and decided to use the possibilities offered by the internet for political and administrative participation. In this article, we seek to assess the impacts of the Madrid city government with the e-democracy experiment – based mainly on establishing an
online platform to facilitate citizen participation in political and administrative decision processes. Drawing on qualitative and documental data, our research indicates that whereas the overall aim of the project was to give citizens a say in local policy and decision making, our case study shows that participation was very low since most of the population does not feel concerned by these processes.
Indeed, one of our findings showed that citizens’ involvement offline surpassed in some cases their online participation. To identify who is politically active online and offline is a great challenge, to which the promoters of the project did not pay much attention. Although e-participation was meagre in relation to the electoral turnout, the case study also shows that many proposals from the public
were incorporated into the local policies, indicating that from a qualitative point of view, e-participation influences decision-making processes. Perhaps local governments should use a more strategic and integrated approach towards the use of electronic technologies to foster and motivate citizens’ involvement in local politics and administration. This more integrated approach should be less dependent on ideological incentives, more institutionalized, and must incorporate citizens’
perceptions and inputs before the introduction of new technologies.
RESUMENEste trabajo muestra que los museos militares españoles pueden llegar a constituir instrumentos de incalculable valor en el fomento de una cultura de la defensa democrática, y ello de dos maneras: en primer lugar, ampliando el conocimiento que la población tiene sobre la defensa, y así contribuyendo además a su reconocimiento social; en segundo lugar, estimulando la conformación de una identidad colectiva relativa a la seguridad y la defensa de España. A estas conclusiones se llega mediante un detenido examen de la bibliografía disponible sobre la cultura de la defensa y sobre la museística contemporánea, al tiempo que se incorpora un estudio de caso: el análisis de la experiencia acumulada en un empeño semejante por el Museo del Aire de Duxford (Gran Bretaña). ABSTRACT This article shows that the spanish military museums can be of great value for the consolidation of a democratic culture of defense. There are two reasons that explain it: one, military museums can improve the knowledge that the population have about the defense, and improve it image as well; other, military museums can stimulate also the emergence of a collective identity on the defense among the
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