Depending on the final application, several methodologies for traffic emission estimation have been developed. Emission estimation based on total miles traveled or other average factors is a sufficient approach only for extended areas such as national or worldwide areas. For road emission control and strategies design, microscale analysis based on real-world emission estimations is often required. This involves actual driving behavior and emission factors of the local vehicle fleet under study. This paper reports on a microscale model for hot road emissions and its application to the metropolitan region of the city of Santiago, Chile. The methodology considers the street-by-street hot emission estimation with its temporal and spatial distribution. The input data come from experimental emission factors based on local driving patterns and traffic surveys of traffic flows for different vehicle categories. The methodology developed is able to estimate hourly hot road CO, total unburned hydrocarbons (THCs), particulate matter (PM), and NO(x) emissions for predefined day types and vehicle categories.

ResumenSe realiza una caracterización física y química de emisiones proveniente de diferentes tipos de fuentes estacionarias en Santiago de Chile con el propósito de determinar si la forma en que se aplican las medidas de compensación de emisiones es apropiada. El sistema de compensación de emisiones se aplica tradicionalmente a las emisiones másicas. La hipótesis de este trabajo es que el daño a la salud ocasionado por el material particulado depende además de su tamaño y de los elementos químicos que contenga, como lo corroboran los resultados que muestran notables diferencias en la composición química de las emisiones desde distintos tipos de fuentes. Esto indica que la aplicación del sistema actual no es apropiada como herramienta ambiental para el mejoramiento de la calidad del aire de la ciudad. Palabras claves: fuentes estacionarias, compensación de emisiones, caracterización del particuladoAbstract A physico-chemical characterization of emissions from different types of stationary sources in Santiago-Chile was carried out with the purpose of determining if the form in which environmental management policies is well applied. The emission compensation system is currently applied on the basis of total mass emissions. The hypothesis of this work is that damage to health from particulate matter exposure also depends strongly on particulate size and chemical elements as is confirm by the results showing notable differences in chemical composition of the emissions from different source types. This indicates that the application of the current emission compensation system is not an environmental tool appropriated for improving the quality of the air in the city.

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A macro-scale methodology for vehicle emissions estimation is described. The methodology is based on both correlations between activity level and PM, CO, THC and NO x vehicle emissions and relationships between demographic and socioeconomic variables and transportation activity level. First, pollutant emissions were correlated with transportation activity, expressed as vehicle-km/year, using existing data collected from mobile sources emission inventories in nine urban cities of Chile. Second, demographic and socio-economic variables were pre-selected from those that could intuitively be correlated with vehicle activity level and considering the data availability. Using the individual R 2 correlation coefficient as variable selection criterion, population, the number of vehicles, fuel consumption, gross domestic product, average family incomes and road kilometers were finally chosen. A different set of explicative variables was considered for different vehicle categories, based on the selection criterion above mentioned. Then, correlation functions between these variables and transport activity were obtained by non-linear Gauss-Newton least square method. This methodology was applied to eighteen provinces of the country obtaining total annual emission for mobile sources, divided into six main vehicles categories.