Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze Brazilian entrepreneurial communities in Florida, through the capitals theory approach. Design/methodology/approach By adopting a comparative case study approach, the researchers conducted 80 in-depth interviews with Brazilian entrepreneurs in two different communities – Pompano Beach (Miami area) and Orlando, Florida. Data triangulation was performed through interviews with community stakeholders, secondary sources of data and surveys. Findings Authors propose a framework of 27 contexts, based on immigrant entrepreneurs’ capital provisions. Evidence points to different evolutionary paths of the two communities of Brazilian immigrants that were compared. Some of these contexts were found in other ethnicities from extant literature, which shows that it might be generalizable to other cases. Research limitations/implications The limitations relate to the fact that the comparative study was conducted in one ethnic group. Nevertheless, the paper brings insights to support future studies on immigrant and ethnic entrepreneurship as a building block for future comparative studies on other immigrant communities. Practical implications The work presents a guideline for future entrepreneurs in Florida. Social implications Implications of practice will arise after further studies in the contexts of economic, human and social capital. The cases of successful immigrant communities enlightened by the capitals theory might be useful to newly born ethnic enclaves. Originality/value The originality of the paper lies on the comparison of two entrepreneurial communities of the same ethnicity in Florida, showing different behaviors due to the internal and environmental factors. Moreover, the Brazilian entrepreneur’s particularities add up to the general theory of immigrant or ethnic entrepreneurship.
O debate sobre a imigração de milhares de refugiados para Europa e sua assimilação pela sociedade e economia locais, apresenta-se como um tema em voga na atualidade. Adicionalmente, o empreendedorismo internacional de enclave étnico tem sido estudado como uma das formas de mobilidade social e integração destes grupos. Diversas comunidades de imigrantes de várias etnias têm sido objeto de estudo, no entanto, o brasileiro imigrante tem sido pouco estudado quanto a seu perfil, cultura e comportamento empreendedor. As pesquisas bibliométricas realizadas dentro do tema de empreendedorismo imigrante e étnico, apontam para uma mudança em seu enfoque original em ‘economias de enclave’, ‘empresas étnicas’ e ‘enraizamento social’ para investigações relacionadas aos ‘empresários imigrantes’, às ‘redes de negócios imigrantes’ e aos ‘empresários transnacionais’. Este artigo pretende, portanto, apresentar o resultado de um estudo bibliométrico contemplando os trabalhos seminais, as principais teorias internacionais a respeito de empreendedorismo imigrante e de enclaves étnicos, assim como identificar lacunas da literatura brasileira e internacional, expandindo este campo de pesquisa. Como principais resultados, os autores apresentam uma análise de conceitos, teorias e artigos mais citados neste campo de pesquisa e apontam para possíveis caminhos futuros de investigação.
O artigo descreve as atividades do empreendedorismo brasileiro em Toronto, Canadá. Os dados foram obtidos por meio da aplicação de 74 questionários a empreendedores brasileiros e entrevistas semiestruturadas com 42 destes, gerando uma abordagem multimétodos com análise de dados descritivos da survey e das trajetórias empreendedoras e de histórias de vida. Os pesquisadores realizaram também um trabalho de campo com visita e observação dos estabelecimentos e de empreendedores brasileiros da região. Os respondentes são majoritariamente da região Sudeste, branca, entre 30 e 49 anos, com alta escolaridade e boa proficiência de inglês. Foi identificada uma intenção para empreender por necessidade. A maioria dos negócios é de pequeno porte, incluindo empresas prestadoras de serviços situados na região West de Toronto. Evidenciou-se que a necessária adaptação cultural e a criação de redes de negócios e networking são elementos fundamentais para a criação e manutenção dos negócios. Resultados sugerem fatores que podem ser relevantes à ampliação dos negócios, tais como o capital social, a inteligência cultural, a adaptação do produto/serviço com vistas a alcançar um público mais amplo, o desenvolvimento de meios alternativos de capitalização e o aprimoramento do capital humano, por meio de educação formal e desenvolvimento de habilidades empreendedoras e administrativas. Implicações teóricas e práticas são discutidas ao final do artigo.
Objective: The study aims at analyzing the socio-demographic profile of Brazilian immigrant entrepreneurship in Toronto, its entrepreneurial behavioral traits, in addition to their business profiles. Methodology/approach: This research is multi-method, with qualitative predominance, being exploratory-descriptive. For data-collection it was conducted a survey and further deepening with face-to-face interviews and field observations. Main results: The majority declared themselves to be from the Brazilian Southeast, white, 35 to 49 years old, married, with children, high academic and professional background. The influence of the state of social malaise in Brazil and the official Canadian discourse, seem to act as factors of "expulsion-attraction" to migration. The job condition of unemployment upon immigrants’ arrival can “push” them into necessity-driven entrepreneurship, although there are also ventures that have identified opportunities. Most of the businesses are small and operate in the service sector, concentrated on the West End of Toronto. In many businesses, there was a strong search for identification with the ethnic community itself, which suggests the formation of 'enclave economy', but in some cases, the main market for local consumers was targeted. Theoretical/methodological contributions: The article highlights the importance of conducting a multi-method research to understand possible entrepreneurial configurations by Brazilian immigrants. Relevance / originality: the article has academic relevance given the scarce work on the theme of Brazilian immigrant entrepreneurship overseas. Truly little is known about this phenomenon in Canada. Social and management contributions: The entrepreneurial trajectories described minimize risks for future immigrants; in addition, the discussion about the social capital of the ethnic community allows comparisons with the business of Brazilians in other countries.
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