Cómo citar este artículo/Citation: Urruchi-Rojo, J. R., Martínez-Martínez, J. A., Serrano-López, R. (2016). De la bóveda de medio punto a la bóveda escarzana en los puentes de piedra. Influencia del rebajamiento y del relleno rígido en la variación de la carga de rotura. RESUMENLa forma de las bóvedas de los puentes de piedra ha ido evolucionando con el tiempo, existiendo bibliografía en la que además de recomendarse una tipología frente a otra, según la época, se prescribía la manera de ejecutar el relleno del trasdós. Todo ello surgía en un principio como fruto de las experiencias adquiridas durante la construcción y observación de los puentes. Así fueron emergiendo, a partir del siglo xviii, formulaciones que en unos casos aportaban un resultado y en otros el contrario. Este artículo pretende realizar una comparación entre varias de estas formulaciones, así como efectuar un análisis de la influencia en la variación de la carga de rotura, tanto del rebajamiento de la bóveda como de la participación del relleno rígido en el trasdós del mismo.Palabras clave: puentes de piedra; arco; rebajamiento; relleno rígido; bóveda. ABSTRACT The shape of the vaults in masonry bridges has evolved during the history, so that we can find bibliography where, besides recommending one way of build instead of others depending on the period, is also prescribed the way to carry out the backfill of the extrados. All of this emerged initially as a result of the experiences acquired during the construction and the observation of bridges. Hence, during the 18th century new formulations started to arise, but they led to one result in some cases and to the opposite in others. This article tries to make a comparison between some of these formulations, as well as carrying out an analysis of the influence of both, the lowering rise/span ratio of the vaults and the presence of a resistant backfill in its extrados, on the variation of the breaking load.Keywords: masonry bridges; arch; rise/span ratio; resistant backfill; vault. De la bóveda de medio punto a la bóveda escarzana en los puentes de piedra. Influencia del rebajamiento y del relleno rígido en la variación de la carga de rotura
Licencia/License: Salvo indicación contraria, todos los contenidos de la edición electrónica de Informes de la Construcción se distribuyen bajo una licencia de uso y distribución Creative Commons Reconocimiento no Comercial 3.0. España (cc-by-nc).Cómo citar este artículo/Citation: Serrano-López, R., Mínguez-Algarra, J., Cambronero-Barrientos, F., Saldaña-Arce, D. (2014). La adaptación de la forma a las cargas en el arte estructural: desde las pilas y el arco, a la torre. RESUMENLa forma de la Torre Eiffel ha sido varias veces analizada, buscando relaciones físicas y matemáticas. Este artículo pretende abordar este análisis desde un punto de vista diferente, la evolución histórica y secuencial del diseño a lo largo de la trayectoria de la empresa de Eiffel. De esta manera, puede comprobarse la relación entre la experiencia acumulada en diferentes obras y técnicos. Se intenta además atribuir los méritos que corresponden a todos los colaboradores de Eiffel a lo largo de esos años. En definitiva, se contrasta y corrobora de esta manera a la solución final de la Torre como un magnífico ejemplo de arte estructural, como ya ha sido descrito en otras ocasiones.Palabras clave: Arte estructural; pila; puente arco; Torre Eiffel; estética. ABSTRACT
Previous research has studied possible links between different urban environments and induced mobility. The traditional Spanish city patterns have specific features that promote the use of soft modes, mainly favouring pedestrian presence in the streets. Nevertheless the last twenty years development has changed the previous urban reality in many towns, following some sprawl characteristics and occupying much more land than strictly necessary. Accordingly, we have analyzed the morphology of Burgos using the perspective of urban fabric differences. Focusing in some parameters such as density of dwellings, population and compactness, we have tried to understand the underlying correlation between urban environment and private car trip generation.However, although some of these urban variables can be considered as quantitative and quick indicators for unsustainable modes of transport, the effects of compact or diffuse development cannot be figured without taking into consideration other parallel factors that configure urban vitality. A previous qualitative analysis of urban growth and development may help to grasp this reality, connected with design criteria trends and urban planning policies. Likewise, mobility cannot be completely understood if only quantitative correlation is prosecuted. The retail distribution or concentration, the presence of malls, the excessive streets broadness, the existence and size of open spaces, or the residential building typologies have verifiable impact on the final modal share. Our results show clear correspondence between low dense urban fabrics and higher number of car trips. Hence, future urban development and reform policies must be oriented if sustainable mobility objectives want to be fulfilled. We suggest some final recommendations with this aim.
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