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ResumenSe emplean datos de ocho Parcelas Permanentes de 1 ha (diámetro mínimo de evaluación 10 cm de DAP) y un número similar de Transectos RAP de 0.1 ha (diámetro mínimo de evaluación 2.5 cm de DAP) emplazados en bosques húmedos premontanos (940 -1 150 msnm) y montanos primarios (2 078 -2 770 msnm) del valle de Chanchamayo (Departamento de Junín / Perú), con el objetivo de mostrar la influencia del diámetro mínimo de registro en la diversidad arbórea hallada. Se analizan los porcentajes de especies por clase diamétrica y los correspondientes valores de Alpha de Fisher. Los resultados muestran que inventarios considerando solamente diámetros por encima de 40 cm de DAP capturan muy poco de la riqueza existente en el bosque (equivalente a sólo el 29.2% y 22.9% del total de las especies en bosques premontanos y montanos, respectivamente); los valores de Alpha de Fisher son coincidentes con lo mencionado.

Habitat loss is one of the main threats to wildlife. Therefore, knowledge of habitat use and preference is essential for the design of conservation strategies and identification of priority sites for the protection of endangered species. The yellow‐tailed woolly monkey (Lagothrix flavicauda Humboldt, 1812), categorized as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List, is endemic to montane forests in northern Peru where its habitat is greatly threatened. We assessed how habitat use and preference in L. flavicauda are linked to forest structure and composition. The study took place near La Esperanza, in the Amazonas region, Peru. Our objective was to identify characteristics of habitat most utilized by L. flavicauda to provide information that will be useful for the selection of priority sites for conservation measures. Using presence records collected from May 2013 to February 2014 for one group of L. flavicauda, we classified the study site into three different use zones: low‐use, medium‐use, and high‐use. We assessed forest structure and composition for all use zones using 0.1 ha Gentry vegetation transects. Results show high levels of variation in plant species composition across the three use zones. Plants used as food resources had considerably greater density, dominance, and ecological importance in high‐use zones. High‐use zones presented similar structure to medium‐ and low‐use zones; thus it remains difficult to assess the influence of forest structure on habitat preference. We recommend focusing conservation efforts on areas with a similar floristic composition to the high‐use zones recorded in this study and suggest utilizing key alimentation species for reforestation efforts.

Prosopanche panguanensis, from the Peruvian lowland rain forest, is proposed as a new species. The species is similar to Prosopanche costaricensis but differs with solitary flowers (vs. flowers in fascicles), a perigonial tube prolonged above the insertion point of the synandrium (vs. perigonial tube not prolonged), and staminodes cucullate and sessile (vs. bilobed in the apex). A description, illustrations, pictures of live specimens, and information about its habitat and distribution are given. An account on Prosopanche specimens recorded from Peru and their identity is also provided.

Saracha andina Rob. Fernandez, I. Revilla & E. Pariente, sp. nov. (Solanaceae), a new species endemic to the central Andes of Peru, is described here. The new species differs from other species of Saracha Ruiz & Pav. by the combination of small and coriaceous leaves and clearly tubular flowers. A summary of the taxonomic history of the genus Saracha, an identification key for its species and a phylogenetic analysis of this genus and related genera are provided.