Background: The major reason for treating chronic rhinitis is to improve quality of life. Although primary symptoms cause morbidity in their own right, these symptoms are significantly aggravated by the impact of cognitive dysfunction and quality of life.

No abstract

Eating behaviour disorder during early childhood is a common pediatric problem. Many terminologies have been used interchangeably to describe this condition, hindering implementation of therapy and confusing a common problem. The definition suggests an eating behaviour which has consequences for family harmony and growth. The recent Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition does not cover the entire spectrum seen by pediatricians. Publications are substantive but level of evidence is most of the time low. This purpose of this review is to clarify terminology of eating behaviour problems during early childhood; including benign picky eating, limited diets, sensory food aversion, selective eating, food avoidance emotional disorder, pervasive refusal syndrome, tactile defensiveness, functional dysphagia, neophobia and toddler anorexia. This tool is proposed only to ease the clinical management for child care providers. Diagnostic criteria are set and management tools are suggested. The role of dietary counselling and, where necessary, behavioural therapy is clarified. It is hoped that the condition will make its way into mainstream pediatrics to allow these children, and their families, to receive the help they deserve.

Background: The major reason for treating chronic rhinitis is to improve quality of life. Although primary symptoms cause morbidity in their own right, these symptoms are significantly aggravated by the impact of cognitive dysfunction and quality of life.

The occupational illnesses of grandparents To the Editor: While visiting our kids and grandson last year, I had a recurring thought: being a grandparent is not for 'sissies'. My wife and I thought about how grandparenting challenged our health; each day saw some insult to body homeostasis and we were grateful each night for another day survived. Don't get me wrong, we wouldn't trade days with our little man for all the gold in China or the USA, but I came to think that grandparents are special people, not for giving love or gifts, but for putting our bodies on the line. Occupational illness is a given-the Compensation Commissioner needs to take note. Lest you think I exaggerate, here is our list of illnesses and traumas faced, which could probably be lengthened significantly: colds and 'flu; injuries from thrown objects; head-banging and neck-crunching injuries; loud-noise deafness; side-aching laughter to strain the torso muscles-at the words, utterances, make-believe acts and other wonderful goings-on; muscle strains and sprains; hernias from lifting heavy objects (including grandchildren); unknown infectious illnesses; nappy change and 'potty'-induced gastrointestinal upsets (nausea and vomiting); oral and gastrointestinal upsets from ingestion of partially chewed sweets; sunburn/frostbite from playing outside; inhalation of noxious gasses emitted (mostly from the toddler's gastrointestinal tract); hoarse voice from continual chitterchatter and praise of 'poos' , 'wees' , verbal utterances and the like; and a broken heart upon departure. Expanding on these concerns, firstly, is the continuous threat to the upper respiratory tract from a myriad of viruses and bugs, some of which must be new to medical science. They are certainly new to our immune systems; our bags are no sooner unpacked than the sniffles begin. Our grandson has 12 upper respiratory tract infections per year, all seemingly in the fortnight that we spend with him. There is the 'snot ball monster' walking towards you in dire need of a tissue, while your stomach churns and you frantically reach for any piece of paper or clothing to contain the outburst! Frequently it is your hand that must come to the rescue, and allow that wonderful smile to emerge with a gentle thanks. Then come rounds of bruising encounters with toys, some in flight just as you take your eye off them. The head seems to take the most battering: a favourite gesture is to touch you on the forehead, lovingly, but sadly with no concept of distance. These loving embraces may leave a bruise, egg-shaped protrusion, or even a black eye, as though one survived an encounter with Mike Tyson. The body's integument, while covered in bruises, takes on shades of the prevailing seasonred in summer and blue in winter-as young men need their daily fix of the sun, no matter what the outside temperature. The gastrointestinal tract seems to take the biggest hit: those gutwrenching nappy changes and the bugs that accompany partially digested candy that ' Ampies' has to suck when found not palatable by...