Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is on the increase globally. Cardiovascular complications, such as left ventricular dysfunction is a major cause of death in patients with type II DM. Prior to the development of symptomatic heart failure, subclinical left ventricular dysfunction (systolic and diastolic) may exist for some time. Aim of this study is to find out abnormalities in left ventricular function in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus with help of 2D Colour Doppler Echocardiography. To find its correlation with glycemic control on the basis of glycosylated haemoglobin (Hba1c).Methods: Total 100 Patients of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus of duration more than 10 years of both sexes were included in the cross-sectional study conducted from Jan 2018 to Aug 2019.All the patients were assessed through clinical examination and 2-D echocardiography and control of diabetes determined on the basis of HbA1c.Results: Study consisted of 100 patients with type 2 DM, 55(55%) were females and 45(45%) males. Majority of patients were in the age group of 4th to 6th decade of life.  Diastolic dysfunction was present in 81(81%) patients. systolic dysfunction was present in 14(14%) patients. There was a linear increase in prevalence of diastolic dysfunction with increasing age, increased FPG, increased BMI. There was also significant correlation between LV diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) and LA size. While no statistical correlation found between gender, duration of diabetes, HbA1c with diastolic and systolic dysfunction.Conclusions: LV diastolic dysfunction is an early manifestation of diabetic cardiomyopathy. LVDD contributes significantly to morbidity of congestive heart failure in diabetic patients. Echocardiography is a very useful non-invasive tool in detecting LVDD and systolic dysfunction in type 2 DM patients.

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Background: Obesity is a major public health epidemic and is associated with increased risk of heart failure and mortality. We evaluated the impact of body mass index (BMI) on the prevalence of diastolic dysfunction (DD). Materials and methods: Echocardiography was performed in 100 patients that showed normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Diastolic dysfunction was assessed. Diastolic function was labeled as normal, stage 1, stage 2, or stage 3/4 dysfunction. Peak early and late transmitral diastolic flow velocities (E, A) and E/A were calculated. The study sample was including both nonobese (BMI <25.0 kg/m 2 ) and obese (BMI >25.0 kg/m 2 ). Results: Our study consisted of 100 patients with normal LVEF, in which DD was assessed. Fifty-five (55%) were females and 45 (45%) males. Majority of patients were in the age group of 4th to 6th decade of life. Diastolic dysfunction was present in 81 (81%) patients. Patients who had BMI >25, 21 out of 21 (100%) had DD. In this study, there was statistically significant correlation found between BMI and prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) with p value of 0.003. There was a linear increase in prevalence of DD with increasing age out of 100, 38 patients had left atrial (LA) size >40 mm. Conclusion: Increased BMI was associated with worse LV diastolic function independent of LV mass and associated risk factors. The increased risk of LVDD in obese individuals may account for the increased risk of heart failure.

Background: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematopoietic stem cell disorder with cytogenic profile and tyrosine kinase inhibitors used as its therapy. Objective of the present study was to determine the demographic, haematological profile and to characterize them in low and high-risk group on presentation with European treatment and outcome study score (EUTOS) in CML patients in and around North-West Punjab, India.Methods: Diagnosed cases of CML were taken. Investigations were done. Molecular and cytogenetic studies were also done whenever required and with EUTOS patients were stratified and then treatment was individualized.Results: Total 100 patients were enrolled. The mean age of presentation of CML was 44.7 years with M:F ratio was 1:1. 20% cases were of Hindu religion and 80% cases were Sikh by religion. 68% cases from rural area and 32% cases were from urban area. 92 patients were in chronic phase, 5 patients in accelerated phase, and 3 patients were found in blast crisis phase. Out of total 100 cases, 32% cases were of high-risk group and 68% cases were of low-risk group on presentation according to EUTOS.Conclusions: Most CML patients in north west Punjab are young (31-40 years) with male: female ratio is 1:1. Majority of them were Sikh by religion and from rural area. Most of them presented in Chronic phase of the disease and with low-risk strata according to EUTOS. Conclusion is that most patients presents in early phase of disease, with anaemia, leucocytosis or splenomegaly.