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A novel method using self-organizing maps to determine the optimum ranges to partition the vector switched Volterra series is presented. Analyzing characteristics of the input signal it is possible to separate different regions of operation. Partitioning of the correction algorithm provides the ability to target regions of different non-linear behavior with separate coefficients. This work is validated with experimentally measured results and shows an adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) of dBc achieved for a four carrier Wideband Code-Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) signal using a 19 watt digital outphasing amplifier from NXP.

This paper presents a comparison of existing and novel behavioral models targeted at the outphasing power amplifier (PA) architecture. A comprehensive comparison of ten modeling strategies is presented in the results. Novel techniques for outphasing PAs, such as vector switched and dual path time series, are also presented for the first time. Investigation of such techniques was driven by the analysis of outphasing operation at minimum output powers, demonstrating the generation of frequency-dependent amplitude and phase deviations, which can be difficult to characterize. The increased robustness was achieved at the cost of additional complexity; for practical implementation, time series coefficient reduction techniques were also evaluated. The results of all modeling approaches are experimentally validated for the wideband operation of an NXP 19-W GaN digital outphasing amplifier module. Considering computational complexity and accuracy for system-level modeling across all presented options, a subset of existing and new models is identified as best suited for modeling outphasing PAs.Index Terms-Behavioral model, outphasing, radio frequency (RF) power amplifier (PA), Volterra.