The ornamental sunflower has great importance in the floriculture sector due to the color and vitality of its flowers. However, the production and quality of flowers decrease under salt stress, which can be mitigated with paclobutrazol application. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different application methods of paclobutrazol in ornamental sunflower ‘Sol Noturno’ irrigated with brackish waters. The experimental design was randomized blocks arranged in a 5 × 3 factorial scheme, corresponding to five electrical conductivities of irrigation water - ECw (0.4; 1.9; 3.4; 4.9, and 6.4 dS m-1) and three paclobutrazol application methods (foliar application, via soil and a control treatment - without paclobutrazol), with four replicates. The increase in salinity of irrigation water reduced gas exchange, photosystem II photochemical efficiency, SPAD index, plant height, and chapter diameter. The paclobutrazol application via soil or foliar increased stomatal conductance and transpiration by 21.09 and 17.80%, respectively, in comparison to plants without application, whereas photosynthesis and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency increased by 28.33 and 31.18% via soil and 14.40 and 16.12% via foliar, respectively. The paclobutrazol application, mainly via soil, favored ‘Sol Noturno’ sunflower plants under salt stress, increasing chlorophyll SPAD index and external chapter diameter, and keeping the number of the petals.
Aims: This study evaluates the influence of Spirulina platensis concentrations on the growth and quality of papaya (Formosa Group) 'Tainung-1'. Study Design: The experimental design was completely randomised, with plots subdivided over time.
The aimed of this study was to evaluate the attenuating action of nitrogen doses on leaf cell membrane damage, dry biomass production and leaf area in the formation of yellow passion fruit seedlings irrigated with saline water. Treatments were arranged in a randomized block design, in split plots, corresponding to five levels of irrigation water salinity (plot) (ECw) (0.3; 1.0; 1.7; 2.4 and 3.1 dS m-1) and five doses of nitrogen fertilization (subplot) (60; 80; 100; 120 and 140% of 300 mg of N dm-3), which were repeated in five blocks. Plants were grown in pots (Citropote®) with a volume of 3,780 mL, which were filled with a mixture of soil, aged bovine manure and sawmill residue (shaving) in a ratio of 2:1:0.5, respectively. Waters with different levels of salinity were applied from 40 to 85 days after sowing, when the plants were in transplanting conditions. At 85 days after sowing, the percentage of cell damage based on electrolyte leakage, variables of dry biomass, leaf area and specific leaf area were evaluated. Increment in irrigation water salinity reduces the biomass accumulation of yellow passion fruit seedlings; The increase in nitrogen dose did not mitigate the effect of salinity, which reduced cell membrane integrity, making the plant more sensitive.
A região semiárida brasileira caracteriza-se por apresentar baixa disponibilidade hídrica devido a persistentes períodos de seca, com isso há necessidade de melhor uso da água na irrigação das culturas. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do déficit hidrico, imposto nas distintas fases fenológicas, sobre a produtividade de algodão em pluma, a percentagem e a qualidade das fibras das cultivares BRS 286 e BRS 336 de algodoeiro herbáceo. O delineamento experimental foi blocos casualizados em parcelas subdivididas, com os seis regimes de déficits hídricos, aplicados em diferentes fases fenológicas do algodoeiro, formando as parcelas e, as duas cultivares de algodoeiro herbáceo, as subparcelas, em 4 repetições. As variáveis analisadas foram rendimento e percentagem de algodão em pluma e algumas características tecnológicas da fibra, as quais foram Comprimento, Uniformidade, Índice de fibras curtas, Resistência, Alongamento à ruptura, Índice micronaire e Maturidade. O déficit hídrico foi mais relevante nas fases de botão, flor e maça. As fases mais tolerantes ao déficit foram crescimento inicial e capulho. As características tecnológicas das fibras como comprimento, uniformidade, índice micronaire e maturidade, inerentes a cada cultivar, se apresentaram dentro do padrão varietal requerido pela indústria têxtil. As duas cultivares mostraram bom potencial de cultivo para o semiárido, considerando as características distintas, mas a escolha é de acordo com o interesse do produtor.
Para o uso do recurso água na agricultura procura-se uma maior eficiência devido á escassez em determinadas regiões. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do déficit hídrico, aplicado em diferentes fases fenológicas, sobre o crescimento, fisiologia e produção das cultivares BRS 286 e BRS 336 de algodoeiro herbáceo. O delineamento experimental foi blocos casualizados em parcelas subdivididas, com os seis regimes de déficits hídricos, aplicados em diferentes fases fenológicas do algodoeiro, formando as parcelas e, as duas cultivares de algodoeiro herbáceo, as subparcelas, em 4 repetições. Foram avaliadas as variáveis de crescimento, fisiológicas e produtividade de algodão em caroço do algodoeiro herbáceo. O déficit hídrico restringiu o crescimento de ambas as cultivares de algodoeiro herbáceo, com as fases mais sensíveis sendo as de crescimento inicial, de botão floral e de flor. O déficit de 14 dias, aplicados nas diferentes fases fenológicas, não influenciou a fotossíntese das plantas de ambas as cultivares, mas alterou a condutâncias estomática e a transpiração das mesmas. As fases fenológicas de flor e de maçã foram as mais sensíveis ao déficit hídrico por apresentarem menor produção. Os tratamentos sem déficit em todo o ciclo e com déficit nas fases de crescimento inicial e de capulho, de ambas as cultivares de algodoeiro herbáceo, permitiram produtividade satisfatória em relação à média nacional.
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