This scoping review was conducted to systematically search and chronicle scientific literature pertinent to poultry intake and human health. The protocol (uploaded to Open Science Framework, https://osf.io/2k7bj/) was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews guidelines. Articles with observational and experimental research, narrative and systematic reviews, and meta-analyses were included. Among 13,141 articles identified, 525 met inclusion criteria. Among these 525 articles, 212 focused on cancer morbidity and mortality; 41 on cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality; 52 on cardiovascular disease risk factors; 32 on type 2 diabetes mellitus morbidity and mortality; 33 on type 2 diabetes mellitus risk factors; and 42 on body weight and body composition. An “Other” category (181 articles) included nutrient status, psychological well-being/mental health, cognition, microbiome, chronic kidney disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, skin disorders, and fertility, among others. Among the 525 included articles, 366 were observational, 64 were experimental, and 76 were reviews and meta-analyses. Eighty-three % of articles focused on adults or older adults. A paucity of research exists to support poultry as health-promoting foods, with most research only indirectly assessing poultry intake compared to other foods of interest (e.g., red meats or plant-based protein foods). No randomized, controlled trials and only 1% of observational studies assessed the influence of processed poultry intake on human health. In the future, the relative health effects of consuming poultry will be compared to a widening array of traditional and new protein-rich food products, necessitating the need for research to assess poultry as foods of choice. Science and health professionals, the poultry industry, and the public will benefit from new observational and experimental research to address cutting-edge scientific, public policy, and consumer topics pertinent to poultry intake and human health.