This study investigates the associations between three forms of discrimination, race and ethnicity, general medical mistrust, health-specific COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs, and adherence to COVID-19 protective behaviors. Participants (
n
= 963) completed an online survey during May 2020, when stay-at-home orders and other government mandates were implemented in many states. Results indicate that everyday discrimination and healthcare discrimination were associated with significantly higher general medical mistrust, and healthcare discrimination and structural discrimination were associated with higher endorsement of health-specific COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs. Higher endorsement of health-specific COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs, but not general medical mistrust, was associated with significantly lower engagement in health-specific COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs. This study helps to contextualize racial health disparities during the COVID-19 pandemic and the widespread impact of everyday, structural, and healthcare discrimination in society.
Supplementary Information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40615-021-01080-x.
Immigration to the United States presents unique stressors for families including acculturation and social marginalization. Children of immigrants occupy a social location where their family's heritage intersects with the culture in which they are being raised. When families emigrate from non-European countries, the cultural dynamics may be more pronounced affecting the mental health and well-being of children even as they move into adulthood. This phenomenological study explored the experiences of wellness among adult children of non-European immigrants to the United States as they navigate these stressors. Individual interviews with ten participants revealed four themes: (a) spirituality as a guide, (b) collectivism, (c) holistic wellness practices, and (d) cultural and generational tensions. Implications include the value of incorporating spirituality into counseling and the importance of engaging adult clients of non-European immigrants in culturally responsive counseling through a holistic wellness lens.
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