This study aimed to develop valid contextual-based teaching materials for fifth-grade of elementary school students. The type of research and development used refers to the R&D theory of Borg and Gall. The research was conducted for fifth-grade students at SDN 6 Bandarjaya. The results of this study indicate that the 5E learning cycle was developed practically based on the results of expert validation obtained an overall average of 80.7%, and the results of the questionnaire response of educators were 77.8% and the results of student responses were 78%.-based teaching materials are Learning Cycle 5E feasible to use.

The purpose of this research was to develop realistic problem-based instructional materials that were both valid and practical in order to assist students in successfully enhancing their conceptual comprehension. We adopted the Borg and Gall's research and development model. During the process, we involved a total of seven teachers and 196  fifth-grade students in a public elementary school in Bandar Lampung, Lampung Province on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. We used several instruments including observation, questionnaire, and tests for data collection followed by descriptive statistics, t-test, and proportion test to test the effectiveness of the instructional materials being developed. The findings suggest that the realistic problem-based mathematics instructional materials that were developed are valid and practical to use. In other words, the instructional materials successfully help fifth-grade students enhance their conceptual comprehension. Following the findings are a discussion of the limitations and suggestions for future research

The purpose of this study was to create a performance assessment instrument based on the Inquiry learning model that includes digital literacy and is theoretically and practically feasible in Elementary School Class V. Borg and Gall's Research and Development (R&D) approach was adapted for this research. The researchers, however, only performed four steps in this research, namely: Research and Initial Information Collection, Planning, Initial product format design, and initial field trials. This study produced a product in the form of a performance assessment model based on an inquiry learning model that included digital literacy in Elementary School Class V. This development research was conducted in class V during the second semester of the 2021/2022 Academic Year on the theme 6 sub-theme 3. This study's population included all educators and students from Gedong Tataan District's class V primary schools, which included 9 public elementary schools and 22 educators. Interviews, questionnaires, observation sheets, and documents were utilized to collect data. The data analysis used in this research activity was descriptive qualitative and quantitative descriptive data analysis. According to the findings of this study, the performance assessment instrument developed for the inquiry learning model integrating digital literacy was considered feasible and practical for use by educators to evaluate or assess students' performance.

The purpose of this study is to produce a project skill assessment instrument product based on valid, reliable, and has tested its predictive validity on project based learning to measure students' creativity on the themes of animal and human motion organs. This type of research and development refers to Borg & Gall's theory. The study population was fifth grade students in elementary school in Gedong Tataan, Pesawaran. The research sample uses a purposive sampling technique, which consists of 87 students. Data analysis techniques were carried out in a mixed between qualitative and quantitative. The results showed that the project based learning based on skills assessment instrument was used to measure the creativity of fifth grade elementary school students. The feasibility is proven through the results of the expert validation of the material, language, and evaluation, as well as practitioner tests that show results in the category of "very good" and can be used. The validity test of the instrument for creativity test shows the category of "valid" based on the above test value on the r table value. Furthermore, the results of the questionnaire item reliability test to measure students' creative skills obtained a value of 0.619 indicating that all items are reliable because the value of r arithmetic (0.619) is at the level of significance of the "high" category.

The aim of this study was to develop a thematic learning module for our friend’s environment based on problem based learning that is valid, practical and effective in improving students' critical thinking. The type of research and development used refers to the R&D theory of Borg and Gall. The population of this research was Dewi Sartika Group, Bandar Mataram District, Central Lampung with the target of 6 class educators. The sample of this study was 24 students in class VA and 24 students in VB at SDN 1 Sriwijaya Sub-district who were selected through purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques in the form of observation, questionnaires, and tests. Data analysis used quantitative descriptive and quantitative analysis. Then quantitative analysis with t test and proportion test to test the effectiveness. The results of this study indicated that thematic teaching materials based on problem based learning models developed using Borg and Gall's R&D steps of thematic learning for fifth graders of Elementary School. Theme 1 with sub-theme 2 were feasible and effective in improving students' critical thinking.