La agriculturización es un causante de transformación en los territorios. El actual modelo de agricultura predominante, basado en la aplicación de plagui- cidas para mantener el cultivo saludable y sin competencia, no solo afecta a la especie objetivo sino también a aquellas no blanco, impactando en la biodiversidad local y el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar los cambios en los usos del suelo en la Cuenca Alta del Arroyo Chapaleofú y determinar la toxicidad del clorpirifos sobre una especie no blanco. Para esto, se compararon imágenes clasificadas supervisadas de los años 1989 y 2019 del partido de Tandil (Buenos Aires, Argentina) y se realizó la evaluación de la Concentración Letal 50 (CL50) del insecticida clorpirifos sobre el molusco Physa acuta, a 96 horas de exposición. Se detecta un 74.35% de avance de las tierras destinadas a actividades agrícolas, lo que evidencia el proceso de agriculturización. El molusco Physa acuta tiene una CL50 de 0.55 mg L−1, presentando al mismo tiempo efectos subletales, pese a tratarse de una especie tolerante al químico en cuestión. Debido a lo anterior, es necesario realizar más estudios que permitan determinar los efectos de los múltiples químicos utilizados en la actividad agrícola, considerando exposiciones más prolongadas y con especies más sensibles.
Organophosphates (OPs), pyrethrins and fipronil, are acaricides commonly used in cattle, mainly as pour on formulations. Scant information is available on their potential interactions with hepatic xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. This work aimed to evaluate in vitro the potential inhibitory effects of widely employed acaricides on catalytic activities mediated by hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) and flavin‐monooxygenase (FMO) enzymes in cattle. Bovine (n = 4) liver microsomes were incubated in the absence (control assays) and in presence of different OPs (fenthion, chlorpyrifos, ethion, diazinon and dichlorvos), fipronil and cypermethrin at 0.1–100 μm. Five oxidative enzyme activities were assayed by spectrofluorimetric or HPLC methods: 7‐ethoxyresorufin O‐deethylase (for CYP1A1), methoxyresorufin O‐demethylase (for CYP1A2), benzyloxyresorufin O‐debenzylase (for CYP2B), testosterone 6‐beta hydroxylase (for CYP3A) and benzydamine N‐oxidase (for FMO). All acaricides, particularly phosphorothionate‐containing OPs, inhibited to some extent more than one enzyme activity. The most frequent inhibitor was fenthion, which inhibited (p < .05) all enzyme activities tested (from 22% at 1 μm to 72% at 100 μm). However, low inhibitory potencies (IC50s higher than 7 μm) of all acaricides studied were observed against the catalytic activities assayed. Therefore, the risk of in vivo metabolic interactions due to inhibition of monooxygenases would be low under common husbandry conditions.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2025 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.