Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis is a beneficial association between plant roots and fungi that occurs in approximately 80 % of terrestrial plants and which confers different benefits including mineral nutrient acquisition and enhanced defense capacity. Although mycorrhizal colonization takes place in roots, the symbiosis establishment has systemic effects in other parts of the plant, in processes such as nutrient translocation and systemic resistance. In order to understand the transcriptional changes that occur in leaves of mycorrhizal plants, we used RNA-seq technology to obtain the transcriptomes of leaves from mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum). Four weeks after inoculation with the fungus Rhizophagus irregularis, leaves from mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal tomato plants were used for transcriptome sequencing. Of the 21,113 genes expressed in tomato leaves, 742 genes displayed differential expression between the mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal conditions. Most of the transcriptional changes occurred in the Bprotein,^BRNA,^Bsignaling,^Btransport,^B biotic and abiotic stresses,^and Bhormone metabolism^categories. Some transcriptional changes also occurred in P, N, and sugar transporters, as would be expected for mycorrhizal colonization. Finally, several differentially expressed genes may be related to systemic defense priming, in agreement with our demonstration that symbiotic plants exhibited mycorrhizainduced resistance against the foliar pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. This is the first study to take on a genome-wide analysis aimed at understanding the expression changes in leaves of mycorrhiza-colonized plants. The results will therefore be valuable to future analyses focused on specific genes, as well as detailed studies of the expression profiles of certain gene families.
Resumen. La diversidad de los microorganismos asociados a la rizosfera de diferentes especies vegetales en los suelos, en México se ha estudiado poco y se ha abordado de manera convencional, con técnicas microbiológicas limitadas debido al elevado porcentaje de microorganismos no-cultivables (95-99%). En el presente trabajo se empleó el análisis por secuenciación del ADN ribosomal (ADNr) para evitar esa limitante y explorar mejor la diversidad de los microorganismos cultivables y no-cultivables asociados al jitomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) en un agroecosistema en Sinaloa. Se empleó ADN genómico extraído del suelo rizosférico para amplificar una región hipervariable en el ADNr empleando oligonucleótidos universales para ADNr procariota y eucariota. El análisis de 194 y 384 secuencias de ADNr de origen procariota y eucariota, respectivamente, mostró que los phyla eucariotes más abundantes fueron Ascomycota (59%), Chlorophyta (21%) y Basidiomycota (12%), y los más abundantes de origen procariote fueron Firmicutes (45%), Proteobacteria (14.7%) y Gemmatimonadetes (13.1%). El presente trabajo representa a la fecha la caracterización más completa de la diversidad de microorganismos de la rizosfera del jitomate. Se discute el papel que especies identificadas en este trabajo, pertenecientes a géneros procariotas (Bacillus y Paenibacillus) y eucariotas (Alternaria), pudieran desempeñar en la rizosfera del jitomate y en el control biológico de fitopatogénos en esta especie.
a Cellulolytic activities in Bacillus subtilis have been demonstrated and it is known that the eglS gene encodes an endoglucanase that could play a key role. Three Bacillus subtilis strains (RZ164, RS351, and RS273) isolated from corn stover with contrasting cellulase activity were examined in this work. The aim was to analyze the influence of eglS gene on the ability of bacteria to grow on a liquid medium supplied with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) as sole carbon sources. All strains displayed similar growth in CMC medium and comparable exoglucanase and endoglucanase activity. However, the expression of eglS did not correlate among strains. On the other hand, when MCC was the carbon source tested, the growth of RS351 was higher than that obtained by RZ164 and RS273 strains. This behavior could be related to the level of cellulase activities displayed by this strain. Besides, eglS expression was higher in RS351 strain, suggesting a direct participation of this enzyme when the carbon source is MCC. Taken together, eglS could be involved in different roles exerted by these strains on either exo-or endoglucanase activity and under either substrate. The enzymes described here could be considered good alternatives for biomass conversion.
Antecedentes: Se conocen 143 especies de hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (HMA) en México. El análisis microbiómico permite analizar la diversidad de especies de HMA que interaccionan con una especie vegetal específica y reconocer nuevas especies desconocidas en nuestro país. Objetivo: Analizar la diversidad de HMA asociados a papaya colonizada con inóculos provenientes de dos ecosistemas contrastantes: bosque mesófilo de montaña (BMM) y selva baja caducifolia (SBC). Métodos: A partir de los ecosistemas BMM y SBC se obtuvieron esporas de HMA del suelo para reproducir en cultivos trampa. Estos últimos fueron empleados como inóculo para colonizar papaya. Se realizó secuenciación masiva para identificar cuales especies de HMA se asocian a las raíces de esta especie vegetal. Resultados y conclusiones: Ambos inóculos mostraron resultados positivos en el crecimiento de papaya y una alta dependencia micorrízica. Se encontraron doce taxa virtuales asociadas a papaya, tres en ambos tratamientos, cinco y cuatro taxa virtuales en los tratamientos con SBC y BMM, respectivamente. El análisis microbiómico permitió identificar a la especie Funneliformis dimorphicus, la cual a la fecha no había sido reportada en México. Éste constituye el primer registro de su presencia en nuestro país.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.