Context: Hydroelectric is a mature and long-lasting technology, but it has presented environmental and social problems. To address these problems, hydroelectric sustainability initiatives have been created for more than two decades. In Mexico, hydroelectric projects present environmental and social problems that cause delays in their construction or delays in their entry into operation. The objective of this study was to define the weightings of the criteria of hydroelectric sustainability through multicriteria decision making methods to a group of experts.Method: Through the combination of the multicriteria Analytical Hierarchical Process and the Programming of Goals the opinion of a group of experts was obtained in the planning of hydroelectric projects.Results: Once the AHP-GP methods were applied to determine the weighting of the hydroelectric sustainability perspectives, it was found that the weights closest to the opinion of all the groups are those issued by the group of governance experts. Conclusions:The results indicate that, when questioning a heterogeneous group of experts, it was observed that significant agreements are presented between the groups, which is noteworthy because they are groups of experts that have different specialties.
El desarrollo sostenible es un tema de interés desde hace más de tres décadas, derivado de lo cual, se han elaborado diversas soluciones que buscan implementar y controlar el desarrollo sostenible en las empresas. El sector de energía hidroeléctrica busca atender sus problemáticas ambientales y sociales a través de diversos modelos. El objetivo de este trabajo es seleccionar un modelo de desarrollo sostenible para evaluar la sostenibilidad hidroeléctrica mediante un método de toma de decisiones. Mediante el método proceso analítico jerárquico (AHP) y un grupo de enfoque se determinan las ponderaciones de los criterios, subcriterios y alternativas de los modelos de desarrollo sostenible. Una vez utilizado el método AHP se jerarquizaron los modelos de desarrollo sostenible, se determinó que el modelo del protocolo del IHA obtuvo la mayor ponderación, seguido de los modelos del BS 8900 y el Dow Jones Sustainability Indexes. En el análisis de sensibilidad se validó la selección del modelo del protocolo de la IHA. Los resultados presentados confirman que el protocolo de la IHA es el modelo de desarrollo sostenible más apropiado para evaluar la sostenibilidad hidroeléctrica, lo que proporciona apoyo a quienes buscan justificar su decisión de seleccionar un modelo de desarrollo sostenible, mediante métodos multicriterio.
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