During the past decade, major governance breakdowns in public limited companies have brought issues of corporate governance to the forefront of debate. As a result, a series of governance codes have been introduced into the UK that have sought to obligate publicly listed companies to certain practices in their overall operations. One of the codes, the Hampel Code, specifically called for an increased role for institutional investors in governance issues. Using financial system theory as a framework for discussion, this paper questions the viability of institutional investors taking a more active role in monitoring and enforcing governance in the UK. It is argued that, if institutional investors choose to increase participation, then it could create anomalies to the efficient operation of the capital markets, involve institutional investors as delegated monitors, increase costs and create free rider problems. Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2003.

The developmental path of social security organizations has typically been one of incremental but steady adaptation in order to realize improvements in organizational performance and desired social security programme outcomes. In the evolving context of ageing society and globalization, there is increasing pressure for further and more rapid adaptation. To this end, this article proposes a unifying framework for action to help all social security organizations better realize improvements in performance and desired programme outcomes. This proposed framework is called ''dynamic social security''. By seeking to link social security organizations' aspirations and actions more closely and positively with those of economies and society, the aim is to help better realize, at least, a basic level of social security for all. © 2007 The au thor(s) Jour nal com pi la tion © 2007 In ter na tional So cial Se cu rity As so ci a tion In ter na tional So cial Se cu rity Re view, Vol. 60, 2-3/2007 Pub lished by Blackwell Pub lish ing 149 The views pre sented in this ar ti cle are those of the au thor alone and should not be at trib uted to the ISSA. The au thor thanks Roger Charlton, Wouter van Ginneken and Vladi mir Rys for comments and sug ges tions that con trib uted to shap ing the ar ti cle. In ter na tional So cial Se cu rity Re view, Vol. 60, 2-3/2007 © 2007 The au thor(s) Jour nal com pi la tion © 2007 In ter na tional So cial Se cu rity As so ci a tion Dynamic so cial se cu rity: A frame work for di rect ing change and ex tend ing coverage © 2007 The au thor(s) Jour nal com pi la tion © 2007 In ter na tional So cial Se cu rity As so ci a tion In ter na tional So cial Se cu rity Re view, Vol. 60, 2-3/2007 Pub lished by Blackwell Pub lish ing Dy namic so cial se cu rity: A frame work for di rect ing change and ex tend ing cov er age © 2007 The au thor(s) Jour nal com pi la tion © 2007 In ter na tional So cial Se cu rity As so ci a tion In ter na tional So cial Se cu rity Re view, Vol. 60, 2-3/2007 Pub lished by Blackwell Pub lish ing Dy namic so cial se cu rity: A frame work for di rect ing change and ex tend ing cov er age © 2007 The au thor(s) Jour nal com pi la tion © 2007 In ter na tional So cial Se cu rity As so ci a tion In ter na tional So cial Se cu rity Re view, Vol. 60, 2-3/2007 Pub lished by Blackwell Pub lish ing Dy namic so cial se cu rity: A frame work for di rect ing change and ex tend ing cov er age © 2007 The au thor(s) Jour nal com pi la tion © 2007 In ter na tional So cial Se cu rity As so ci a tion In ter na tional So cial Se cu rity Re view, Vol. 60, 2-3/2007 Pub lished by Blackwell Pub lish ing

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McKinnon R. Promoting the concept of prevention in social security: issues and challenges for the International Social Security Association Int J Soc Welfare 2010: 19: 455–462 © 2009 The Author, Journal compilation © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare. The history of the relationship between institutional social security and the concept of prevention is a chequered one. Across much of the 20th century, the imputed importance in social policy agendas accorded to prevention, alongside protection and rehabilitation, was only rarely, and somewhat inconsistently, matched in practice. Currently, efforts are underway internationally to promote the importance of the concept in social security more systematically. A key actor in this regard is the International Social Security Association (ISSA). Focusing on the role of the ISSA, the article argues against any possible endeavours, no matter how tentative, that might seek to mainstream the concept of prevention in social security, and concludes as preferable a narrower, but more vigorous, selective approach based on institutional practice to date.