Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus that is transmissible through blood and other body fluids. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, an estimated 10,000 Romanian children were infected with HIV-1 subtype F nosocomially through contaminated needles and untested blood transfusions. Romania was a special case in the global acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic, displaying the largest population of HIV-infected children by parental transmission between 1987–1990. In total, 205 HIV-infected patients from the western part of Romania were analyzed in this retrospective study. Over 70% of them had experienced horizontal transmission from an unknown source, while vertical transmission was identified in only five cases. Most patients had a moderate to severe clinical manifestation of HIV infection, 77.56% had undergone antiretroviral (ARV) treatment, most of them (71.21%) had experienced no adverse reactions and many of those with HIV (90.73%) had an undetectable viral load. Renal impairment was detected in one third of patients (34.63%). Patients born before 1990, male patients, patients diagnosed with HIV before the age of 10, and those undernourished or with renal impairment had a shorter average survival time than the group born after 1990, female patients, patients receiving ARV treatment, patients with a normal body mass index (BMI) and those without renal impairment. Periodical monitoring of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) level, as well as the detection of protein excretion, should be taken into consideration worldwide when monitoring HIV-positive patients; this in order to detect even asymptomatic chronic kidney disease (CKD), and to manage these patients and prolong their lives.

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Background The protocol of investigations in urinary tract infection (UTI) in children mandatory includes urianalysis, uroculture, reactive C protein (RCP), blood urea (BUN), renal ultrasonography and scintigraphy. Each one of these has limits to perform in children. Aims To establish the correlations between UTI investigations for argumentation the therapeutic decision. Methods Retrospective study of hospitalised paediatric patients for UTI. The study parameters were: age, symptoms, RCP, BUN, uroculture, renal ultrasonography, urinanalysis (leukocytes, nitrites, pH, density, proteins, erythrocytes, ascorbic acid-AA). Results Were studied 243 hospitalised and treated with antibiotics UTI. Uroculture was positive in 178 patients (143 E.coli, 16 Enterococcus, 17 Proteus, 2 Staphylococcus). Negative uroculture was considered as decapitated UTI by antibiotics initiated before admission. 52 patients were <1 year old. Fever has been presented in 204 patients. 96 (56,1% from patients >1 year old) presented renal specific symptoms. 22 (42,3% from patients <1 year old) presented unspecific symptoms (vomiting, diarrhoea). 84 presented high values of RCP and 25 of BUN, 104 significant leukocyturia, 12 nitrites, 211 AA, 24 abnormal ultrasonography. Fever was the most important clinical parameter in younger patients (p 0,03), while unspecific symptoms were not significantly more frequent (p 0,25); the majority of patients with high BUN also presented abnormal ultrasonography (p 0,002); the reduced frequency of nitrites was due to AA (p 0,0001). Negative uroculture has no diagnostic significance (p 0,78), only in presence of significant leukocyturia and high RCP. Conclusions In guideline of UTI diagnosis with negative uroculture, fever, RCP, BUN, leukocyturia, ultrasonography become mandatory. Background Prenatal Hydronephrosis is diagnosed in 1-5% of pregnancies worldwide. The diagnosis of antenatal hydronephrosis (ANH) causes stress to the parents and dilemmas to the paediatrician. Objectives To examine the correlation between the degree of the renal pelvic dilatation (RPD) detected by the first 2-5 days of life and the postnatal outcome. To investigate the correlation between bilateral hydronephrosis and the nephrologic outcome. To discuss the possibility of decreasing the postnatal examinations of these healthy babies. Methods During a period of two years, we enrolled 143 term newborns with ANH. These babies had an ultrasound at the age of 2-5 days and a second ultrasound at the age of 4-6 weeks. After the examinations they were referred to our nephrologist. PO-0780 POSTNATAL FOLLOW-UP OF NEWBORNS WITH PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS OF HYDRONEPHROSIS