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Precise definitions are given of three thermodynamic parameters which characterize the water-electrolysis reaction: the enthalpic voltage, the higherheating-value voltage, and the thermoneutral voltage. Expressions are derived for these parameters and for the reversible potential, as functions of temperature between 25 ~ and 250~ and of pressure between 1 and 100 arm. Heat losses due to radiation, convection, and conduction are also considered, and a thermal-balance voltage is defined; representative values are calculated. Electrical-energy efficiency is related to the characteristic parameters, and thermodynamic limitations on its value are discussed. * Electrochemical Society Active Member. ABSTRACTThe behavior of gold electrodes in alkaline cyanide solution was studied using potentiostatic and potentiodynamic techniques. The results showed that the three anodic current peaks found in both steady-state and potential sweep experiments resulted from passivation of the gold cyanide dissolution reaction Au + 2CN---> Au(CN)2-+ e-) unless CC License in place (see abstract). ecsdl.org/site/terms_use address. Redistribution subject to ECS terms of use (see 138.251.14.35 Downloaded on 2014-12-01 to IP

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Analytical expressions are derived which relate the Arrhenius activation energy to the energy dependent reaction cross section or excitation function. Results are presented for reactions which proceed with and without a threshold energy. It is shown that the activation energy for neutral-neutral reactions may display a strong temperature dependence, and that activation energies determined in thermal studies of ion-molecule reactions can commonly be expected to be either positive or negative, and strongly temperature dependent. Particular attention is given to recent rate measurements for the exchange reactions of atomic hydrogen with molecular hydrogen, and an attempt is made to derive excitation functions from these results. Three general formulations of the excitation function are used. These reflect the forms which have been suggested by experiments and by theoretical calculations. In particular one class of functions is found to be able to accurately reproduce the available data on the energy dependence of the reaction cross section for neutral-neutral reactions, and representative data for ion-impact induced fragmentation reactions. A second class of functions is introduced to include the special case of hard spheres which require a critical energy along the line of centers to react, while a final class adequately reproduces data for many ion-molecule processes.

October I979for instance, we observed that the proton backscatter yield off a thin Au film is the same as that off an identical film with a thin surface layer of carbon. Accordingly, corrections to Eq. [A-3J or [A-4] due to charge exchange effects are negligible.