A numerical research with different turbulence models for shallow water equations was carried out. This was done in order to investigate which model has the ability to reproduce more accurately the wakes produced by the shock of the water hitting a submerged island inside a canal. The study of this phenomenon is important for the numerical methods application advancement in the simulation of free surface flows since these models involve a number of simplifications and assumptions that can have a significant impact on the numerical solutions quality and thus can not reproduce correctly the physical phenomenon. The numerical experiments were carried out on an experimental case under controlled conditions, consisting of a channel with a submerged conical island. The numerical scheme is based on the Eulerian-Lagrangian finite volume method with four turbulence models, three mixing lengths (ml), and one joining -on the horizontal axis with a mixing-length model (ml) on the vertical axis. The experimental results show that a -with ml turbulence model makes it possible to approach the experimental results in a more qualitative manner. We found that when using only a -model in the vertical and horizontal direction, the numerical results overestimate the experimental data. Additionally the computing time is reduced by simplifying the turbulence model.

En las zonas áridas y semiáridas el agua es uno de los factores críticos para la productividad agrícola y pecuaria. La escasez del recurso y el abatimiento de acuíferos son problemas específicos de estas regiones donde la captación de agua de lluvia se vuelve indispensable; sin embargo, no existe información sobre su calidad. Por lo anterior, el objetivo fue determinar la calidad y la aptitud del agua de lluvia captada en bordos de almacenamiento (BA) para su uso en el riego agrícola. Se tomaron muestras de agua de BA ubicados en tres microrregiones del Estado de San Luis Potosí, en las que se determinó el pH, CE (dS m−1), aniones y cationes. Además, se estimaron los índices de Relación de Adsorción de Sodio (RAS), Carbonato sódico residual (CSR), Porcentaje de sodio posible (PSP), Índice de permeabilidad (IP), Índice de Kelly (IK), Dureza, RASaj, Sólidos disueltos totales (SDT), Salinidad efectiva (SE) y Salinidad potencial (SP). Con excepción del magnesio, no hubo diferencias significativas entre microrregiones (p > 0.05). De acuerdo con la clasificación de Wilcox, normas de Riverside y valores de IP, IK, SDT, SE y SP, el agua de BA se clasifica como de buena calidad y es apropiada para riego con potencial para la producción de forraje.

A method for determining the optimal Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDs) combination at city scale is presented in this paper. A comprehensive set of SUDs categories comprising infrastructures aimed at either detaining and locally reusing or infiltrating precipitation are considered. A volumetric water balance is proposed for modelling hydrological processes in urban catchments. A multi-criteria approach combining a cost function and aims for both recharging aquifers and limiting runoff contribution to water courses is proposed to find the optimal SUDs combination. The water balance was run with each possible SUDs combination and the optimal set of SUDs was found. The method was applied to the Metropolitan Area of San Luis Potosí (Mexico). The optimal solutions in this case clearly promoted surface runoff detention and reuse over porous pavements and green roofs but they were sensitive to the considered costs. The SUD requirements to potential new urban developments for each catchment to comply with the original hydrological aims were also studied. The method requires customizing the cost function and using representative climatic data.

Sanitary and industrial wastewater discharged into rivers, is a general problem that occurs in most of the world and Mexico is not the exception, the main goal of this research is to determine based on simulations of pollutants concentrations, the assimilation capacity of the Gallinas River against discharges of agricultural and industrial wastewater from the cultivation and processing of sugar cane under two different hypothetical simulation scenarios, based on reproducing two well know scenarios. In sugarcane cultivation, large quantities of fertilizers are used whose main active components are based on nitrogen or phosphorus compounds, therefore, the wastewater resulting from sugarcane processing contains a high organic content from 20 to 40% of inorganic compounds, such as nitrogenous substances, organic acids, and phosphorous sulfates. For this reason, the physical–chemical variables of interest analyzed in this work are the PO$$_4$$ 4 (phosphate), NO$$_3$$ 3 (nitrate), and DO (dissolved oxygen). With the simulation results according to each scenery, it can be determined, that despite the continuous discharge of polluting elements, the Gallinas River has a good assimilation capacity thanks to reaeration processes that permit efficient recovery of the dissolved oxygen in the water column. Gallinas River is located in the region known as the Huasteca Potosina, this investigation is relevant for the region due to the River is of vital importance being the main tributary that allows socioeconomic development activities in this zone. To carry out the simulations, was used the Explorer Modeling System 8.4 (EFCD) model and was performed two samplings campaign along 15 km in the water body to calibrate the numerical model to represent the dry and wet seasons during May and September respectively named as calibration scenarios.

This research provides basic information on the recovery or reuse of grey and treated water in a sustainable approach. For the research development, treated water was collected and synthetic greywater was prepared to use for irrigation of potted plants and their adaptability was measured according to the different irrigation water and physicochemical parameters in plant and soil. The results show that plants with the highest flowering and the highest accumulation of NOз in the stem were the plants irrigated with treated water in response to the total nitrogen of 41.53 mg/L. The plant's adaptability was more complicated with the irrigation of greywater but with greater growth and more resistance to pests and diseases than with the irrigation of treated water. The response to the accumulation of As, Ag, Cr, P, Pb, S, and Ti was significant differences according to the irrigation water in the different organs of the plants. During the crop development under the different types of irrigation, the pot soils are within the Mexican regulation, which presented neutral pH, slightly saline, with high organic matter, and without problems of dangerous accumulations of heavy metals.