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In this paper we present a description of the role of definitional verbal patterns for the extraction of semantic relations. Several studies show that semantic relations can be extracted from analytic definitions contained in machine-readable dictionaries (MRDs). In addition, definitions found in specialised texts are a good starting point to search for different types of definitions where other semantic relations occur. The extraction of definitional knowledge from specialised corpora represents another interesting approach for the extraction of semantic relations. Here, we present a descriptive analysis of definitional verbal patterns in Spanish and the first steps towards the development of a system for the automatic extraction of definitional knowledge.

People with intellectual, language and learning disabilities face accessibility barriers when reading texts with complex words. Following accessibility guidelines, complex words can be identified, and easy synonyms and definitions can be provided for them as reading aids. To offer support to these reading aids, a lexical simplification system for Spanish has been developed and is presented in this article. The system covers the complex word identification (CWI) task and offers replacement candidates with the substitute generation and selection (SG/SS) task. These tasks have followed machine learning techniques and contextual embeddings using Easy Reading and Plain Language resources, such as dictionaries and corpora. Additionally, due to the polysemy present in the language, the system provides definitions for complex words, which are disambiguated by a rule-based method supported by a state-of-the-art embedding resource. This system is integrated into a web system that provides an easy way to improve the readability and comprehension of Spanish texts. The results obtained are satisfactory; in the CWI task, better results were obtained than with other systems that used the same dataset. The SG/SS task results are comparable to similar works in the English language and provide a solid starting point to improve this task for the Spanish language. Finally, the results of the disambiguation process evaluation were good when evaluated by a linguistic expert. These findings represent an additional advancement in the lexical simplification of texts in Spanish and in a generic domain using easy-to-read resources, among others, to provide systematic support to compliance with accessibility guidelines.

La evolución del trabajo hace necesaria una readecuación de los programas de formación de nivel superior. La comprobación de que el trabajador actual requiere no sólo del dominio de ciertas técnicas y habilidades, sino también de competencias generales, ha llevado al concepto de formación por competencias, y a la elaboración de metodologías para su análisis en el ámbito laboral y para el diseño curricular orientado a ellas. Asimismo, el concepto de educación continua aparece como requisito para satisfacer los requerimientos de un mundo dinámico y se engarza perfectamente con elparadigma de formación por competencias.La formación por competencias de los técnicos y profesionales se realiza máseficazmente en instituciones educacionales que poseen ciertas características, privilegiando un mayor acercamiento al mundo del trabajo por sobre la visión académica tradicional.Si se establecen políticas para que los institutos profesionales centren suaccionar bajo el paradigma de formación por competencias, se podrá tener en Chile una formación para el trabajo, en el nivel superior, de excelente calidad y adecuada a los requerimientos del mercado laboral.

A multicriteria methodology is presented to rank projects of Logistics Platforms (PL) in a public policy program to establish a competitive logistical territorial management in different regions in Mexico.