We present the first record of maned sloth (Bradypus torquatus) consumption by the tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier). Our record is based on the analysis of stomach contents of a tiger shark captured off the coast of Rio de Janeiro state, southeastern Brazil. Although it is not possible to distinguish between a predation and scavenging event, we consider it likely that the sloth was consumed while dispersing between the islands of the region. We also comment on the heretofore unforeseen risks of aquatic dispersal by xenartrans.

The tiger shark Galeocerdo cuvier (Péron & Lesueur, 1822) (Carcharhinidae) is classified as near-threatened along the Brazilian coast, in line with its global categorization. Although Rio de Janeiro, located in southeastern Brazil, is internationally identified as a priority shark conservation area, many shark species, including tiger sharks, are landed by both industrial and artisanal fisheries in this state. However, there is a lack of detailed information on the species capture pressures and records for the state of Rio de Janeiro. Therefore, the aims of this study were to expand the tiger shark record database and to improve upon future conservation and management strategies. Tiger shark records from four coastal Rio de Janeiro regions were obtained by direct observation. The information obtained from fishery colonies/associations, environmental guards, researchers, and scientific articles, totaling 23 records, resulted in an approximately 5-fold increase in the number of tiger shark records off the coast of the state of Rio de Janeiro. A possible seasonality pattern concerning the size of the captured/observed animals was noted, emphasizing the need to consider the coast of Rio de Janeiro as an especially relevant area for at least part of the life history of tiger sharks.