O presente trabalho buscou analisar duas esp&eacute;cies do grupo <em>Astyanax aff. bimaculatus </em>com rela&ccedil;&atilde;o a seus dados morfom&eacute;tricos<em>.</em> Os exemplares foram capturados em rios dos sistemas hidrogr&aacute;ficos do Paraguai e S&atilde;o Franscico, no territ&oacute;rio brasileiro,&nbsp; e analisados com o aux&iacute;lio de um paqu&iacute;metro digital, tomando-se v&aacute;rias medidas corporais. Os dados foram submetidos a uma normaliza&ccedil;&atilde;o para eliminar as varia&ccedil;&otilde;es de tamanho intrapopulacionais (Size-free) e posteriormente analisados utilizando-se PCA (An&aacute;lise de Componentes Principais) e UPGMA (Dendograma de Similaridade Gen&eacute;tica). Para as an&aacute;lises estat&iacute;sticas utilizou-se o software PAST v2.0. Os resultados mostraram uma sobreposi&ccedil;&atilde;o de tr&ecirc;s popula&ccedil;&otilde;es, dentre elas uma de <em>Astyanax lacustris</em> e duas de <em>Astyanax asuncionensis</em>, indicando semelhan&ccedil;a entre os indiv&iacute;duos de bacias hidrogr&aacute;ficas distantes. Estes dados podem ser reflexos de&nbsp; converg&ecirc;ncia morfol&oacute;gica, ou homoplasia. As demais popula&ccedil;&otilde;es se mostraram bem estruturadas, &nbsp;indicando que as medidas corporais tomadas podem ser importantes na&nbsp; adapta&ccedil;&atilde;o a ambientes espec&iacute;ficos, ou que estas conservaram as simplesiomorfias observadas nos grupos de dif&iacute;cil identifica&ccedil;&atilde;o.

O presente trabalho buscou analisar duas esp&eacute;cies do grupo <em>Astyanax aff. bimaculatus </em>com rela&ccedil;&atilde;o a seus dados morfom&eacute;tricos<em>.</em> Os exemplares foram capturados em rios dos sistemas hidrogr&aacute;ficos do Paraguai e S&atilde;o Franscico, no territ&oacute;rio brasileiro,&nbsp; e analisados com o aux&iacute;lio de um paqu&iacute;metro digital, tomando-se v&aacute;rias medidas corporais. Os dados foram submetidos a uma normaliza&ccedil;&atilde;o para eliminar as varia&ccedil;&otilde;es de tamanho intrapopulacionais (Size-free) e posteriormente analisados utilizando-se PCA (An&aacute;lise de Componentes Principais) e UPGMA (Dendograma de Similaridade Gen&eacute;tica). Para as an&aacute;lises estat&iacute;sticas utilizou-se o software PAST v2.0. Os resultados mostraram uma sobreposi&ccedil;&atilde;o de tr&ecirc;s popula&ccedil;&otilde;es, dentre elas uma de <em>Astyanax lacustris</em> e duas de <em>Astyanax asuncionensis</em>, indicando semelhan&ccedil;a entre os indiv&iacute;duos de bacias hidrogr&aacute;ficas distantes. Estes dados podem ser reflexos de&nbsp; converg&ecirc;ncia morfol&oacute;gica, ou homoplasia. As demais popula&ccedil;&otilde;es se mostraram bem estruturadas, &nbsp;indicando que as medidas corporais tomadas podem ser importantes na&nbsp; adapta&ccedil;&atilde;o a ambientes espec&iacute;ficos, ou que estas conservaram as simplesiomorfias observadas nos grupos de dif&iacute;cil identifica&ccedil;&atilde;o.

<p>O presente trabalho buscou demonstrar a dissimilaridade gen&eacute;tica entre cultivares de trigo (<em>Triticum aestivum, </em>L.) em dois sistemas de cultivo, sequeiro e irrigado, propondo, a partir desta, as melhores hibrida&ccedil;&otilde;es. Quarenta cultivares de trigo foram testadas, 8 recomendadas para Minas Gerais e 32 para a regi&atilde;o Sul do Brasil. Foram utilizados dados de quinze caracteres agron&ocirc;micos obtidos em experimento conduzido em esquema de blocos casualizados com tr&ecirc;s repeti&ccedil;&otilde;es. Foram empregadas an&aacute;lises de agrupamento pelos m&eacute;todos de Tocher e Liga&ccedil;&atilde;o M&eacute;dia Entre Grupos utilizando a dist&acirc;ncia Euclidiana M&eacute;dia como medida de dissimilaridade. Os caracteres ACAM e RG apresentaram os maiores CV (%) e o caractere DEF apresentou as maiores estratifica&ccedil;&otilde;es entre as m&eacute;dias dos gen&oacute;tipos para ambos os cultivos. Os gen&oacute;tipos Guamirim e Frontana apresentaram as maiores dissimilaridades para o cultivo sequeiro e irrigado respectivamente. Os resultados obtidos possibilitaram a escolha de gen&oacute;tipos para serem estrategicamente utilizados em hibrida&ccedil;&otilde;es.&nbsp;</p>

The sugarcane variety RB92579 has excellent agricultural productivity, very low flowering, efficient water use, and a high content of sucrose. Despite its excellent agricultural productivity, the RB92579 has not been used as a direct parent in sugarcane improvement. The main goal of the present study was to investigate polymorphisms at the SSR and EST-SSR loci of the RB92579 sugarcane variety to evaluate its potential for breeding and generating new varieties and to guide better use by the industrial sector. A total of 92 samples of the RB92579 variety were collected from plants in the fourth cutting stage grown in two Brazilian states: Paraná (PR; South region) and Mato Grosso do Sul (MS; South-Central region). Four primers for DNA simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and eight primers for expressed sequence tags for simple sequence repeats (EST-SSR) were used for DNA amplification. The polymorphism occurrence in the 12 SSR loci was 28% in the PR and MS populations, with a total of 25 alleles and an average of 2.08 alleles/loci. High values for mean observed heterozygosity, a high value for genetic identity and a low level of population differentiation was found in samples from the PR and MS states. The number of polymorphisms in the EST-SSR and noncoding SSR loci as well as the genetic divergence was low. However, the high heterozygosity in both populations indicates that the RB92579 variety can be used as a parent to generate new cultivars. On the other hand, the low coefficient of genetic divergence and high identity coefficient indicate that there is genetic uniformity; therefore, there is no need for differential industrial adaptations for pretreatment or enzymatic hydrolysis of the sugarcane bagasse from RB92579 at the same cutting stage and planted in the two regions (PR and MS).

ABSTRACT. We analyzed 80 plants of the sugarcane (Saccharum spp) variety 'RB867515' in order to investigate its diversity and genetic structure at the molecular level. Four simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci (UGSM51, SMC1237, SEGMS1069, and UGSM38) and five expressed sequence tag (EST)-SSR loci (ESTA68, ESTB92, ESTB145, ESTC66, and ESTC84) were used as molecular markers. The polymorphic loci rate was 66.6%. A total of 17 alleles and an average of 1.88 alleles/locus were detected. The number of alleles in the EST-SSR loci was lower than the number of alleles in the SSRs of non-expressed loci. The mean observed heterozygosity among the nine SSR loci was 0.3291. Genetic structure analysis showed that 'RB867515' contains alleles from three ancestral groups (K = 3), but there is little admixing of alleles in the same plant (from 0.8 to 17.3%); only 1.88% of the plants shared alleles from two or three groups. ESTB92, ESTC84, and UGSM38 were monomorphic, but there was evidence of polymorphism in ESTA68, ESTB145, ESTC66, UGSM51, SMC1237, and SEGMS1069, indicating that 'RB867515' has variability at the molecular level and the potential to be used as a parent in breeding programs. The molecular variability observed in 'RB867515' indicates that the clone terminology that is used to identify this cultivar is inconsistent with the original meaning of "clone", which is defined as a sample of genetically identical plants.