Financiamiento de la banca comercial para las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas en México Ramón Padilla-Pérez y Rodrigo Fenton Ontañon RESUMENEl objetivo de este artículo es estudiar la estrategia de otorgamiento de créditos a las mipymes por parte de la banca comercial en México, así como examinar los factores que la incentivan o la obstaculizan. Para ello, en 2011 se efectuó una encuesta detallada entre los bancos comerciales que operan en el país. En esta se evidencia que existe un creciente interés por ampliar el crédito a las mipymes, pese a que estos créditos representan todavía una pequeña proporción de la cartera total. Se detectaron tres diferentes modelos de negocios, con divergencias importantes en las estrategias seguidas para atender a este segmento de empresas. Los factores que constituyen una mayor barrera para la oferta de crédito son la presencia de información insuficiente, fallas en el sistema de protección de acreedores, la informalidad, y las transformaciones históricas y rupturas que la banca comercial ha experimentado en las últimas tres décadas. CLASIFICACIÓN JEL G21, L29, O16 PALABRAS CLAVEPequeñas empresas, empresas medianas, financiamiento de empresas, créditos comerciales, bancarios, empresas comerciales, encuestas México AUTORES
This article examines commercial bank lending strategies for micro-enterprises and small and medium-sized businesses (smes) in Mexico, and the factors that promote or hinder lending in this segment. With this in mind, in 2011 a detailed survey was conducted of commercial banks operating in Mexico. Although credit to microenterprises and smes still represents a small share of the loan portfolio, the survey results point to growing interest in broadening it. Three different business models were identified, with major differences in strategies for offering financial services to this segment of enterprises. The greatest barriers to increasing the credit supply are lack of information, creditor protection failures, informality, and the changes and disruptions that commercial banking has experienced over the past three decades. JEL CLASSIFICATION G21, L29, O16
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