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Manuscript Code: 0363 Date of reception/acceptation: 01Jun2014/01dec2014Resumen Este artículo presenta un análisis de techumbres de viviendas unifamiliares recientes en Concepción, Chile, con el objetivo de determinar su potencial de captación solar integrada, buscando promover la instalación de sistemas domésticos renovables frente a la creciente demanda energética residencial. Se analiza un registro de 2.139 viviendas de la comuna construidas después del 2006 (que corresponden a un 68,28% del total en el periodo), las cuales presentan cubiertas inclinadas con una superficie media de 84,7 m 2 por unidad, divididas entre tres y doce alas con inclinación media de 37,48°, con un ala mayor o secundaria orientada al sol con un promedio de 33,9 m 2 . Esta superficie recibe una radiación anual total entre 954 kWh/m 2 a 1.732,8 kW/m 2 según azimut e inclinación, que con paneles fotovoltaicos integrados de un rendimiento regular, pueden otorgar una media de 6.317,2 kWh. Esta producción puede suplir cabalmente el promedio de consumo eléctrico anual, con remanentes temporales para la red urbana o contribuir para calefacción. Se estima también una producción dual con tecnología térmica-fotovoltaica, que puede duplicar la generación de energía útil. Los resultados expresan una adecuada relación de recolección solar integrada en techumbres con las condiciones del desarrollo residencial en la zona.Palabras Clave: Vivienda, energia solar, techumbre, chile, integración arquitectónica. AbstractThis paper presents an analysis of the roofs of recently built singlefamily homes in Concepción, Chile in order to identify their potential for integrated solar energy collection. It seeks to promote the installation of domestic renewable energy systems in the face of growing residential energy consumption. The study comprises 2,139 homes in the district, all of which are part of residential developments built since 2006 (68.28% of total homes built over this period). The houses all have pitched roofs with a mean azimuth of 37.48°. The largest or second largest roof section was identified for each housing model, facing north, east or west with an average area of 33.9 sqm. This roof surface receives a total annual solar radiation of between 954 kWh/sqm and 1,732.8 kW/sqm (depending on size, azimuth and pitch), which, equipped with average-performance integrated photovoltaic panels, could supply a mean value of 6.317.2 kWh/year. This production could fully supply the average household annual electricity consumption, with surplus production either fed into the national grid or contributing to household heating needs. Dual production was also assessed with thermo-photovoltaic hybrid technology that could double useful energy production. Results show that the roof characteristics of new housing are compatible with integrated solar collection.

The construction industry is currently technologically challenged to incorporate new developments for enhancing the process, such as the use of 3D printing for complex building structures, which is the aim of this brief. To do so, we show a systematic study regarding the usability and performance of mobile manipulators as displaceable 3D printing machinery in construction sites, with emphasis on the three main different existing mobile platforms: the car-like, the unicycle and the omnidirectional (mecanum wheeled), with an UR5 manipulator on them. To evaluate its performance, we propose the printing of the following building elements: helical, square, circular and mesh, with different sizes. As metrics, we consider the total control effort observed in the robots and the total tracking error associated with the energy consumed in the activity to get a more sustainable process. In addition, to further test our work, we constrained the robot workspace thus resembling real life construction sites. In general, the statistical results show that the omnidirectional platform presents the best results –lowest tracking error and lowest control effort– for circular, helicoidal and mesh building elements; and car-like platform shows the best results for square-like building element. Then, an innovative performance analysis is achieved for the printing of building elements, with a contribution to the reduction of energy consumption.

1Energy analysis of housing in the central-south of Chile RESUMEN -El desarrollo residencial en la zona centro-sur de Chile (regiones VII, VIII y IX) ha logrado cubrir las demandas habitacionales, fundamentalmente con viviendas aisladas en baja densidad, de tipologías y sistemas constructivos similares. Los retos de la reconstrucción tras el terremoto que asoló la zona el 27 de Febrero de 2010 se están abordando con edificaciones semejantes, aplicando una normativa térmica, inédita en Latinoamérica, pero poco exigente en relación a estándares internacionales, que logran una mayor reducción de la demanda energética. Además, las condiciones climáticas de la zona permitirían una considerable mejora de las prestaciones térmicas de los edificios si se consideraran algunas características tipológicas referidas a la agrupación, el soleamiento, la distribución de la masa térmica y las mejoras de la envolvente. Este artículo revisa características ambientales y morfológicas de las edificaciones residenciales en la zona, planteando recomendaciones de diseño y construcción que podrían aplicarse para promover viviendas más eficientes energéticamente.Palabras clave: vivienda, eficiencia energética, hábitat sustentable, Chile.ABSTRACT -Housing development in the central-south area of Chile (Regions VII, VIII and IX) gives response to the needs for housing with low density detached dwellings of similar typologies and constructive systems. The challenges of the reconstruction process after the earthquake of the 27 th of February 2010 are been faced with similar buildings, applying a thermal regulation that is innovative in Latin America, but not rigorous enough when compared with international standards that achieve more important reductions in energy demand. In addition, the climatic conditions of the area would allow a considerable improvement of the thermal performance of buildings if some typological strategies related to group layout, solar incidence, thermal mass and thermal envelope are considered. This article reviews some environmental and morphological characteristics of residential buildings in the area, proposing recommendations for design and construction phase that could be applied in order to promote more energy efficient housing.

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