INTRODUÇÃO: O interesse sobre a espiritualidade e a religiosidade sempre existiu no curso da história humana, a despeito de diferentes épocas ou culturas. Contudo, apenas recentemente a ciência tem demonstrado interesse em investigar o tema. Estudos e pesquisas demonstram que a faixa etária acima dos 65 anos é aquela com mais contato frente a sua espiritualidade e religiosidade. O objetivo do presente estudo é realizar uma revisão da literatura científica que norteia essa temática e investigar qual o impacto da espiritualidade em diferentes aspectos do envelhecimento. METODOLOGIA: Pesquisa nas bases de dados Pubmed/Medline, LILACS e Scielo, nos idiomas inglês e português, entre 1966 e 2009, utilizando as palavras-chave aged/idoso e spirituality/espiritualidade. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 48 artigos divididos nas seguintes temáticas: envelhecimento bem-sucedido, bem-estar, qualidade de vida, doenças crônico-degenerativas, doenças neuro-psiquiátricas, funcionalidade, mortalidade e impacto no fim da vida. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que o envelhecimento possui uma relação íntima com a espiritualidade nos seus mais diferentes aspectos e percebe-se que há uma escassez de pesquisas sobre espiritualidade/religiosidade em idosos.
Spiritism is the third most common religion in Brazil, and its therapies have been used by millions worldwide. These therapies are based on therapeutic resources including prayer, laying on of hands, fluidotherapy (magnetized water), charity/volunteering, spirit education/moral values, and disobsession (spirit release therapy). This paper presents a systematic review of the current literature on the relationship among health outcomes and 6 predictors: prayer, laying on of hands, magnetized/fluidic water, charity/volunteering, spirit education (virtuous life and positive affect), and spirit release therapy. All articles were analyzed according to inclusion/exclusion criteria, Newcastle-Ottawa and Jadad score. At present, there is moderate to strong evidence that volunteering and positive affect are linked to better health outcomes. Furthermore, laying on of hands, virtuous life, and praying for oneself also seem to be associated to positive findings. Nevertheless, there is a lack of studies on magnetized water and spirit release therapy. In summary, science is indirectly demonstrating that some of these therapies can be associated to better health outcomes and that other therapies have been overlooked or poorly investigated. Further studies in this field could contribute to the disciplines of Complementary and Alternative Medicine by investigating the relationship between body, mind, and soul/spirit.
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