Mycobacterium peregrinum is a species included in the Mycobacterium fortuitum complex (Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium chelonae, Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium peregrinum). These rapidly growing mycobacteria are closely related and cause different diseases, mainly in immunocompromised patients. Over the last few years there has been an increase in the incidence of these species being isolated from patients with postsurgical wound infections, prosthetic valve endocarditis, disseminated disease, peritonitis, skin and softtissue abscesses, venous graft infections and keratitis, as well as in those with pulmonary infections and those on hemodialysis [1, 2, 3]. Transplants and long-term central venous catheters favor infection by Mycobacterium fortuitum and related species. Presented here is a case of bacteremia caused by Mycobacterium peregrinum that occurred in a patient with a Hickman catheter.The patient was a 38-year-old male diagnosed with myelomonocytic leukemia. After receiving a second cycle of chemotherapy, he was admitted to our hospital with fever (38°C), shaking and chills, which had started 6 h after the heparinization of the Hickman catheter. The patient also complained of generalized arthromyalgia and slight irritation of the throat. After a complete series of physical and clinical tests had been performed, the source of the fever was not evident. The insertion site of the Hickman catheter appeared normal, and no evidence of infection was found along the subcutaneous tunnel.