Experiments to elucidate the 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT)-transforming activity of Clostridium bifermentans LJP-1 identified reductive TNT transformations that ultimately produced as end products triaminotoluene (TAT) and phenolic products of TAT hydrolysis. An adduct of TAT, apparently formed by condensation of TAT and pyruvic aldehyde (methyl glyoxal), was also detected.

Although vegetable oil cannot yet be recommended as a fuel for general use, considerable progress in recovery and use of rapeseed oil (Brassica napus L.) for diesel operation has been made. Operation of a small‐scale screwpress plant (40 kg/hr) was demonstrated. Maintenance of screw and end rings was a major problem. The plant has operated with a recovery efficiency of 77% and has processed 10,100 kg of seed in 230 hr. High viscosity of the rapeseed oil and its tendency to polymerize within the cylinder were major chemical and physical problems encountered. Attempts to reduce the viscosity of the vegetable oil by preheating the fuel were not successful in sufficiently increasing the temperature of the fuel at the injector to be of value. Short‐term engine performance with vegetable oils as a fuel in any proportion show power output and fuel consumption to be equivalent to the diesel‐fueled engines. Severe engine damage occurred in a very short time period in tests of maximum power with varying engine rpm. Additional torque tests with all blends need to be conducted. A blend of 70/30 winter rape and No. 1 diesel has been used successfully to power a small single‐cylinder diesel engine for 850 hr. No adverse wear, effect on lubricating oil or effect on power output were noted.

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Short engine tests were used to determine the rate of carbon deposition on direct injection diesel nozzles. Winter rape, high‐oleic and high‐linoleic safflower blends with 50% diesel were tested for carbon deposit and compared to that with D‐2 Diesel Control Fuel. Deposits were greatest with the most unsaturated fuel, high‐linoleic safflower, and least with winter rape. All vegetable oil blends developed power similar to diesel fueled engines with a 6 to 8% greater fuel consumption.