El propósito de este trabajo es contribuir con un modelo de crecimiento endógeno potencial (MCEP) para Bolivia con información desde 1993 al 2012. La evidencia empírica sugiere que el consumo del gobierno es el principal determinante exógeno sobre el crecimiento potencial (EPGM) con efectos diferneciados en el tiempo: acelera contemporáneamente el crecimiento económico y afecta de forma negativa y dinámica en la tasa de crecimiento a largo plazo. La inversión pública y privada tienen un grado significativo de sustitución dinámica (efecto crowding-out). Como análisis complementario, se evalúan los efectos del gasto público sobre el crecimiento real efectivo.

In this paper, we deal with the problem of measuring business cycles: short, medium or long-term, with both theoretical and empirical discussions on the regularity of fluctuations versus asymmetries in their measurement phases. To achieve this, the approach is based on the combination of deviations on the level of trends (alternative filters) with the algorithm of Harding and Pagan (2002). At the same time, effective rates of economic growth by Markov's chains was considered in order to identify non-linear regimes of expansion and economic contraction. Finally, quantifications on the natural rate of growth for Bolivia are offered under a sustained expansion regime from 1950 to 2015. The results suggest that due to asymmetries and the manner in which the business cycle is measured, we observe longer duration of a business cycle when it was measured from busts rather than from booms.

In this paper, we evaluate and quantify the role of the discretion of the monetary policy in an open small and open economy (the case of Bolivia). The results suggest that conventional instruments of the Central Bank respond in different ways: interest rates present a sensitive/elastic response to output gap (actual economic cycle) [1.8]; an inelastic mechanism to inflation [0.5]. On the other hand, open market operations in the Central Bank responds elastically to inflation [1.2] and insensible to the output gap. These results are robust to alternative specification utilizing the Generalized Method of moments (GMM), for the quarterly period from 2000(T1)-2015(T4).

In this paper the efficiency of fiscal role was evaluated in relation to institutional changes resulting from nationalization of hydrocarbons and cyclical transition changes in the fiscal stance for the Bolivian case, based on quarterly information: 2003-2011. The degree of sustainable fiscal stance (with and without oil) was a conclusive element to determine the efficiency of fiscal role, and in this case, a deficient result for the Bolivian case was founded by using filters for economic time series, cyclically adjusted fiscal balance (CAB) and the indicator of fiscal sustainability (IFS) developed by Croce and Hugo (2003).

Intangible assets, especially knowledge and culture management, have been traditionally considered by various companies as valuable resources that can be used to generate a competitive advantage. However, it is unclear how these assets work handin-hand -and which type of culture is the most appropriate for the development of knowledge. This study aims to analyze whether or not both flexible and rigid cultures can be implemented by companies in order to promote the development and transfer of knowledge within an organization. A sample of 167 companies from Mexico and Bolivia was obtained, applying a quantitative and correlational investigation. Using Pearson correlation and stepwise regression, it was found that these variables are positive and significant, and that there is a moderate effect of the rigid organizational culture in the relationship between flexible culture and knowledge management. From a holistic perspective, both cultures -flexible and rigid -are necessary as a means to improve the development and transfer of knowledge among employees within an organization.Contribution/Originality: This paper analyzes the moderating effect of rigid culture on the relationship between flexible organizational culture and knowledge management in Bolivian and Mexican organizations, finding that rigidity plays an important role in the development of knowledge in countries where bureaucracy is the predominant organizational culture.