Resumo -Épocas de semeadura de milho (Zea mays L.) e arranjos espaciais foram estudados em consórcio intercalar entre milho (cv. Pioneer 6872) e feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Rio Tibagi), em Chapecó, SC, com o objetivo de determinar as combinações agronômica e economicamente mais eficientes dos sistemas consorciados. Cinco experimentos foram conduzidos anualmente e consistiram de cinco épocas de semeadura do milho em relação ao feijão, com quatro arranjos espaciais para cada época de semeadura. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. O milho foi semeado 15 dias antes do feijão, simultaneamente ao feijão e 15, 30 e 45 dias depois do feijão. Os arranjos espaciais foram 1M:1F (uma fileira de milho alternada com uma fileira de feijão), 2M:2F, 2M:3F e 1M:2F. A época de semeadura e o arranjo espacial influenciaram o rendimento de grãos do milho e do feijão. Os arranjos mais eficientes para o milho foram 1M:1F e 2M:2F e para o feijão foram 1M:2F e 2M:3F. A semeadura antecipada de 15 dias do feijão em relação ao milho aumentou em 35% a produção do feijão enquanto reduziu a do milho em 7,5%. A eficiência agronômica e econômica dos sistemas consorciados aumentaram com a antecipação da semeadura do feijão.Termos para indexação: Zea mays, Phaseolus vulgaris, arranjo espacial, época de semeadura, rendimento. Temporal and spatial effects on maize-bean row intercroppingAbstract -Maize (Zea mays L.) planting dates and spatial arrangements between maize (cv. Pioneer 6872) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Rio Tibagi) in a row intercropping system was conducted in Chapecó, SC, Brazil, to determine the best agronomic combinations and the economically most efficient intercropping system. Five experiments were carried out annually and consisted of five maize planting dates in relation to bean, with four spatial arrangements for each planting date. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks with four replications of each treatment. Maize was planted 15 days before bean, simultaneously to bean, and 15, 30 and 45 days after bean planting. The spatial arrangements were 1M:1B (one maize row alternated with one bean row), 2M:2B, 2M:3B and 1M:2B. Planting dates and spatial arrangements influenced the yields of maize and common bean. The most efficient spatial arrangements for maize were 1M:1B and 2M:2B and for common bean were 1M:2B and 2M:3B. Early planting of common bean by 15 days over maize increased its yield by 35% while the maize yield was reduced by 7.5%. Agronomic and economic efficiency of row intercropping over sole cropping increased with common bean early planting.Index terms: Zea mays, Phaseolus vulgaris, spatial arrangement, sowing date, yields. IntroduçãoA consorciação de culturas foi usada nas pequenas propriedades do Sul do País, nas décadas de 60 e 70 e início dos anos 80, sendo o consórcio do feijão com milho o mais comum. Em Santa Catarina, essa prática sempre foi adotada por proprietários de pequenas áreas e poucos recursos, em áreas de relevo acidenta...

RESUMO Com o objetivo de determinar a densidade populacional e espaçamento entre fileiras ideais para milho no Oeste Catarinense, foram conduzidos dois experimentos (um com híbrido de ciclo precoce e outro com híbrido de ciclo normal) nos anos agrícolas 1995/96, 1996/1997 e 1997/98, em ABSTRACT To determine the ideal plant population and row spacing for corn, two trials were carried out (one with earlier hybrid and other with normal cycle hybrid) during the growing seasons of /96, 1996 /97 and 1997

Relay intercropping soybean into wheat has great potential in Iowa by allowing two harvests on the same land area in the same year. Wheat is planted in September and soybean is interseeded into the standing wheat in May. This system can be important for Iowa by diversifying production, increasing farm productivity, and reducing soil erosion. A three year experiment was conducted near Boone, lA, to determine the effect of soybean planting dates and spatial arrangements on wheat and soybean in a relay intercropping system, and its relative agronomic efficiency. The experimental design was a split-plot with the main plots (planting dates) arranged in randomized complete blocks with three replications of each treatment. The soybean planting dates were: pre-heading=PDl, heading=PD2, and post-heading=PD3. Five spatial arrangements (sub-plots) were used: 1W:1S (one wheat row alternated with one soybean row), 2W:1S, 2W:2S, 3W:2S, and 4W:3S. Wheat yield was reduced on average by 33% with soybean interplanting, and was proportionally lower than the reduction of wheat plant population during implementation of the skiprow pattern (33 to 50%). Relay intercropped soybean produced 73% of the sole crop soybean, indicating skip-row patterns are a good alternative for higher soybean yield. Soybean planting at wheat pre-heading or at heading was the best alternative X for this system. Arrangements producing the best soybean yields were not good wheat producers and vice-versa, suggesting that improvements in the yield of one crop will negatively affect the yield of the companion crop in a wheatsoybean relay intercropping system. For soybean oriented producers, 2W:2S, 3W:2S and 4W:3S are good choices due to the high soybean grain yield. Arrangement IW:IS was intermediate for soybean and wheat yields. A land equivalent ratio (LER) of 1.46, on average, demonstrated the agronomic efficiency of relay intercropping over sole cropping.