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The purpose of this paper is to introduce, explain and promote the Open Modelling Interface (OpenMI) version 2.0 standard for coupling environmental numerical models (simulations of environmental processes). It is intended to be accessible to readers of all levels of experience. During recent decades it has been recognised that the environment is made up of a complex set of interconnected processes. Therefore, understanding it requires not only understanding of the processes in isolation, but also the interactions between these processes. Traditional methods of simulating such environmental interactions have included passing the outputs of one numerical model into another or creating a single 'super-model' covering a variety of processes. OpenMI provides a standard method which could be applied to independent numerical model components and allow them to exchange data so that they could interact and influence one another. This is achieved without fundamental changes to the core of the components themselves.

Integrated Environmental Modelling (IEM) is a recent phenomenon which offers the opportunity to solve complex environmental problems. Whilst it has made great strides in recent years, there are still challenges to be met before IEM is universally accepted and used. This paper describes the current state of IEM and sets out a road map for achieving its full potential. A multi-disciplinary, multi-agency approach will be required whose main goals are to: (1) raise awareness and build confidence in IEM; (2) ensure availability and accessibility of IEM techniques, tools and standards; (3) establish a minimum set of standards; (4) build the IEM skills base; (5) establish an underpinning R & D programme; (6) co-ordinate and promote collaboration; and (7) foster IEM use by government, industry and the public. Once these goals have been achieved then IEM can be deployed to help resolve currently intractable environmental issues and the IEM methodology can be transferred to other fields.

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