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PREFACEFluid interfaces constitute a state of matter to which statistical and mechanical methods can be applied to construct thermodynamic properties of systems with much the same approximation as to liquid phases. Both approaches have a molecular standpoint. They differ, however in that the former method considers a probabilistic dissertation through an assembly of systems of large collections of individual entities, while the latter corresponds to a thermo-mechanical deterministic description of a peculiar 2D or 3D continuum. It is well known that the thermodynamic behavior of surface layer or interface, even at equilibrium, needs models and assumptions on the molecular interactions. Out of equilibrium, when for example conductive and convective motions occur, the situation becomes much more complicated. Kinetic and hydrodynamic theories must then be added to irreversible and quasithermodynamics. This book is written with precisely the aim of presenting a comprehensive and unified link between mechanical and thermodynamic properties of fluid interfaces. The modeling presented here by the authors is illustrated by relevant applications and makes a significant progress on a deep analysis of concepts of interfaces.The book comprises seven chapters. In the first and shorter chapter a fundamental analysis of interface and of interfacial layer is provided in a thermo-mechanical description. This part is designated for readers wishing to acquire an acquaintance with a presentation of the local jump conditions of a two-fluid system separated by a moving surface of arbitrary shape. In the second and broader chapter, the authors introduce surface quantities which belong either to a (i) transition layer in which large gradients of densities are present; (ii) a zero thickness surface. Next chapters are mainly concerned with interfacial balance laws applied to mass, momentum, energy and entropy. Due to the difference between the normal components of the material velocity and the displacement velocity of the interface, an extra quantity appears in the irreversible production of the surface entropy. The generalized Laplace equation is discussed in the frame of this discrepancy.From the thermodynamics of irreversible processes applied to a 2D interface, constitutive relations are deduced in the fourth chapter. Particularly, surface viscosity, heat transfer, evaporation-condensation and chemical reactions are considered. vi
Mechanical and Thermo dynamical Modeling of Fluid InterfacesThe fifth chapter is devoted to the ...
