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The effect of protein and calorie supplementation on the immune function of two maintenance hemodialysis patients was assessed. Before nutritional supplementation, both patients were anergic to four skin test antigens and had low relative percentages and absolute number of T lymphocytes. After 3 months of nutritional supplements both patients responded to in vivo skin testing to at least two antigens and in both patients, the relative percentage and absolute number of T lymphocytes increased. These two cases illustrate that the defect in cell-mediated immunity and impaired delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity which is known to occur in hemodialysis patients may be a reversible manifestation of protein-calorie malnutrition.

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