Três idéias já seriam suficientes para que a leitura de “Cultura da Convergência”, de Henry Jenkins, interessasse a jornalistas e pesquisadores da área: a convergência midiática como um processo cultural; o fortalecimento de uma economia afetiva que orienta consumidores de bens simbólicos e criadores midiáticos; a expansão de formas narrativas transmidiáticas.
Há exatos trinta anos, o jornalista Perseu Abramo escreveu um curto ensaio em que enumerava cinco padrões de manipulação observáveis nos grandes veículos de comunicação brasileiros. O texto foi publicado apenas em 2003, mas sua permanência e influência podem ser verificadas ainda hoje, principalmente quando se discute a dimensão política dos meios de comunicação. Manipulação da informação é um conceito problemático e raramente enfrentado na bibliografia nacional. Neste artigo, tensionamos a expressão no plano da ética jornalística e da crítica de mídia e sugerimos alguns avanços nos padrões de Abramo, levando em conta a paisagem midiática contemporânea e as ameaças da pós-verdade e das chamadas fake news.
This article attempts to develop a theoretical framework in order to understand how the media system has been enabling public figures to use hate speech to enhance their media prominence. The current scenario in Brazil, shaped by a high concentration of (private) media ownership, an economic crisis, deep political polarization, distrust of democracy and the right turn, provides a privileged case for analysing it. In this scenario, public figures preach violence against homosexuals on TV. Black people are insulted and compared to monkeys. Based on Max Weber’s ideal types and Bourdieu’s concept of symbolic capital, four ideal types have been identified: the hate preacher, the right-wing populist, the media polemicist and the intolerant comedian. The analysis makes it evident that hate speakers tend to be ‘backbenchers’ who guarantee their media prominence (or ‘capital’) through a strongly commercialized media system, particularly on TV and the Internet.
Leaks and whistleblowers have been increasingly used for the production of large media coverage. Characters like Edward Snowden, Chelsea Manning, Julian Assange and informers of “Operation Car Wash” in Brazil have become not only useful for the process of transparency and accountability, but also signal traps to reporters and newsrooms. In this article, I present the concept of Ethical Risk and I list a number of its forms in contemporary journalistic production, driven by WikiLeaks, Panama Papers and transformations of democratic societies
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