This work deals with Sequence Stratigraphy concepts applied to the Proterozoic record of the SãoFrancisco Craton in Minas Gerais, southeast Brazil. The cratonic cover is characterized by eight sequenceboundaries (unconformity and/or correlative conformity), which subdivide the Proterozoic stratigraphyinto seven depositional sequences. These sequences initially filled an intracratonic rift basin (the EspinhaçoBasin), which evolved into a passive continental margin (the São Francisco Basin). The Espinhaço Basinwas filled by six stacked depositional sequences. Their sequence boundary unconformities are indicative oftaphrogenic periods, when tectonic displacements were mainly accomodated along a master listric fault,but also along synthetic and antithetic subsidiary normal faults. The unconformities are covered by coarsealluvial conglomerates, deposited by the combined effects of source area uplift and depocenter subsidence.The depositional sequences of the Espinhaço Basin show impressive cyclical depositional patterns. Theyusually show the unconformities and the basal conglomerates covered by shallow-marine transgressivesediments. The São Francisco Basin, a passive continental margin, was developed at approximately 0.9 Ga.Coevally, a continental glatiation occurred over the craton, which produced a relative fall in the sea level,erosion and hence unconformity development. During that time, the basin was characterized by the depositionof tillites on the proximal reachs and turbidites on the distal portions. A transgressive phase followed theglaciation and was marked by the deposition of fine-grained sediments (lutites) and carbonatic rocksoverlaying the cratonic areas. Around 0.6 Ga, during the Brasiliano Orogeny, the Espinhaço and São FranciscoBasins were inverted.
Revista Brasileira de GeociênciasArquivo digital disponível on-line no site www.sbgeo.org.br 157 41(2): 157-169, junho de 2011 O sistema de cavalgamentos do tipo duplex Neoproterozoico da Serra do Espinhaço, Minas Gerais Rogério Rodrigues da Silva 1Resumo Utilizando critérios de aloestratigrafi a durante o mapeamento geológico de uma área de aproximadamente 1.600 km 2 foi interpretado que o arcabouço estrutural da Serra do Espinhaço em Minas Gerais consiste de um sistema de cavalgamentos do tipo duplex de importância regional. As duas zonas de cisalhamentos principais do duplex (zonas de cisalhamento basal e de teto) são conectadas entre si através de um sistema de cavalgamentos subsidiários menores, formando um sistema de cavalos tectônicos. Acima da zona de cisalhamento de teto, a deformação é representada por um leque imbricado de lentes tectônicas, que convergem para baixo na zona de cisalhamento principal de teto. Deformação por cisalhamento simples, heterogênea, rúptil/dúctil, de caráter progressivo, com transporte tectônico para oeste, desenvolveu o sistema de cavalgamentos do tipo duplex durante uma fase de deformação inicial (D1). Uma fase de deformação posterior (D2) causou encurtamento crustal através de dobramentos assimétricos generalizados e pela reativação das falhas da fase D1. Metamorfi smo progressivo sintectônico produziu a cristalização de associações de minerais características das condições da fácies xisto verde baixo.Palavras-chave: mapeamento geológico, análise estrutural de terrenos Proterozoicos, sistema de cavalgamentos do tipo duplex. AbstractThe Neoproterozoic duplex thrust system of the Serra do Espinhaço, Minas Gerais. Based on allostratigraphic criteria used during geological mapping of an area of approximately 1,600 km 2 , it was interpreted that the structural framework of the Serra do Espinhaço in Minas Gerais consists of a duplex thrust system of regional importance. The two main shear zones of the duplex (roof-and sole-shear zones) are connected one to another by a system of minor subsidiary thrusts, forming a system of tectonic horses. Above the roof-shear zone, deformation is represented by an array of embricated tectonic fans, where thrusts converge below into the main roof-shear zone. Heterogeneous, progressive in character, brittle/ductile, simple-shear deformation, with tectonic transport directed towards the west, developed the duplex thrust system, during an initial phase of deformation (D1). A second deformational phase (D2) caused crustal shortening by generalized asymmetric folding and reactivation of D1 thrust-planes and shear-zones. Syntectonic progressive metamorphism produced the crystallization of a mineral association typical of lower greenschist facies conditions.
Este trabalho apresenta um roteiro geológico para a área de Diamantina. Foram escolhidos 13 afloramentos que visamprincipalmente o reconhecimento no campo de discordâncias sedimentares e a descrição e interpretação dos metaconglomerados basaisdas sequências. Os pontos foram localizados no mapa geológico da área de Diamantina e inseridos no perfil estratigráfico. Foramapresentados em esquemas gráficos simplificados, fotografias e mosaicos fotográficos. Foram então descritos e interpretados com osobjetivos da obtenção de dados paleogeográficos significativos e da elaboração da estratigrafia de sequências para a área em questão. ASequência Rio Paraúna recobre o embasamento arqueano e é representada por uma sucessão clástica regressiva (fase pré-rif). A fase rift sesucede, com a deposição das Sequências Olaria (sin-rift 1), Natureza (sin-rift 2), São João Chapada (sin-rift 3) e Sopa-Brumadinho/Galho doMiguel (sin-rift 4). O desenvolvimento das discordâncias e a deposição dos metaconglomerados basais estão relacionados a movimentostectônicos ao longo de falhas normais sin-sedimentares. Representam períodos de exposição subaérea e erosão de rochas sedimentareslitificadas e do embasamento ígneo. O contexto visualizado é de um rift N-S, assimétrico, com rampa tectônica suavemente inclinada paraleste e falha lístrica basal íngreme para oeste.Palavras-chave: roteiro geológico, discordâncias, estratigrafia de sequências, fase rift, bacia proterozoica Espinhaço. ABSTRACTGEOLOGICAL FIELD-GUIDE OF THE DIAMANTINA AREA: THE RIFT PHASE OF THE PROTEROZOIC ESPINHAÇO BASIN, BASED ON THERECOGNITION OF SEDIMENTARY UNCONFORMITIES. This work presents a field geological guide for the area of Diamantina. It was chosen13 outcrops. The unconformities were identified and their basal metaconglomerates studied in a detailed scale. They were mapped to thescale of 1:25.000. The points of the field-guide were presented by simplified sketches, photos and photographic mosaics. They weredescribed and interpreted in order to obtain significant paleogeographic data and to build the sequence stratigraphy for the area inquestion. The Rio Paraúna Sequence represents a regressive clastic succession, deposited during the pre-rift phase. The rift phase follows,with the deposition of the Olaria (syn-rift 1), Natureza (syn-rift 2), São João da Chapada (syn-rift 3) and Sopa-Brumadinho/Galho do Miguel(syn-rift 4) Sequences. The development of unconformities and the deposition of the basal metaconglomerates were related to tectonicmovements on syn-sedimentary normal faults. The unconformities were related to periods of subaerial exposition and erosion ofsedimentary and igneous older rocks. The context envisaged here is similar to an asymmetric rift basin, with a tectonic ramp gently dippingtowards the east and a master listric fault steeply dipping towards the west.Keywords: geological field-guide, unconformities, sequence stratigraphy, rift phase, proterozoic Espinhaço basin.1.
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