Currently, there is a huge production in the automotive industries and energy consumption resulted into spike in the cost and emissions of greenhouse gases. Hence, an efficient energy utilisation mechanism has become a prime most important factor. Energy and its conservation problem also have raised and become one of the prominent critical factors needed to address. Therefore, the development of smart grid infrastructure is one of the solutions to address the above issue.This article discusses different methods and mechanisms require to manage energy efficiently within the smart grid network using communication technologies and protocols and proposed an integration method of electric vehicles and smart grid using communication networks for charging or discharging electricity and exchanging relevant information. In addition, this paper discusses different integration strategies and multi-agent system implementation in the smart grid network. The proposed multi-agent system shows the efficient method for monitoring power flow and maintaining the stability of the grid. The paper also presents the optimal scheduling of charging of electric vehicles in the smart grid network. Finally, the authors investigated and presented many standard communication protocols and their comparisons with respect to different scenarios. This paper discuss different methods and concepts which would require to manage energy efficiently by using recent communication technologies, communication protocols, and sensor technologies. INTRODUCTIONDue to the growth of industries and population density, energy demand has been increasing exponentially. Hence, the energy consumption is under focus in order to reduce the energy crisis in the future. In this 21st century, conventional electrical energy and network will not meet up with the industries due to the lack of reliability, efficiency, security, seamless connectivity, etc. Therefore, a lot of new technologies (communication and sensor) have evolved to provide above features. The evolved communication and sensor technologies applied to the power grid to make smarter, that is, Smart Grid (SG) [1,2]. The SG infrastructure is the backbone of the future smart cities and the connected electric mobility. The connected infrastructureThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

A dynamic two-level artificial neural network (DTLANN) approach is used for the estimation of parameters in combined mode conduction-radiation heat transfer in a porous medium. Four commonly used neural networks: feed forward, cascade forward, fitnet, and radial basis are used in mapping artificial neural network (ANN), and their performance is compared under noisy big data (10,302 × 1300 matrix size).Governing equations for heat transfer in the porous medium through conduction and radiation modes are solved by finite volume method and discrete transfer method. This numerical model is called a direct model. A large amount of data is generated by using the direct model for different values of extinction coefficient β and convective coupling P 2 . These data were divided into different groups (class) based on the temperature difference between the gas and solid phase. In the inverse analysis, a

Electrocardiography (ECG) has been a reliable method for monitoring the proper functioning of the cardiovascular system for decades. Recently, there has been a lot of research focusing on accurately analyzing the heart condition through ECG. In recent days, numerous attempts are being made to analyze these signals using deep learning algorithms, including the implementation of artificial neural networks like convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks, and the like. In this context, this chapter intends to present some important techniques for classifying heartbeats based on deep neural networks with 1D CNN. Five ECG signals (N, S, V, F, and Q) standardization are based on the AAMI EC57 standard. The primary focus of this chapter is to discuss the techniques to classify ECG signals in those classes with promising accuracy and draw a clear picture of the current state-of-the-art in this sphere of study.

Fetal anemia and fetal thrombocytopenia are two of the most unsmiling complications in pregnant women, and they can lead to perinatal mortality and morbidity. After long years of study with intravascular intrauterine blood transfusion, a number of varieties of implications have been described. Intrauterine Blood Transfusion (IUBT) is considered the best method in the case of fetal anemia because it is caused by red cell alloimmunization. Not only for red blood cell transfusion, this method can also be used for the transfusion of platelets to thrombocytopenic fetuses in pregnant women. It is generally detected after a child is born who is symptomatic and shows signs of bleeding in the brain and skin. The biggest milestone for the clinician is to give preventive treatment in next pregnancy. Pregnancies at risk require serial monitoring, and Fetal Middle Cerebral arterial (MCA) Doppler is the non-invasive test that is now proving to be the choice for monitoring. IVIG (Intravenous immunoglobulin) is used to manage severe Rh-immunization and is now showing promising effects. Indications like Parvovirus B19, Fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH), Fetal SacrococcygealTeratoma (SCT), Twin-twin transfusion syndrome, placental chorioangioma diseases, or other infections can be treated with this method. This review covers fetal transfusion techniques and explores current management of fetal anemia and thrombocytopenia.

Heterocyclic chemistry is very important aspects in organic chemistry. Heterocyclic system consists of one or more heteroatoms like nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur, etc with hydrogen atoms. The system can be classified as saturated as well as non saturated system or hydrocarbons. Another classification of this ring system is divided in some categories like three-membered, four-membered, five-membered, six-memebered, seven-membered, fused heterocyclics etc. Some compounds under this cklassification are acidic or basic in nature. Examples of heterocyclic compounds are Pyrole, Furan, Thiophene, Pyridine, Quinoline, Isoquinoline, Indole, Purine, Pyrazole, etc. Pyrazole is very important under this heterocyclic ring sysyem. Pyrazole is five membered heterocyclics. Pyrazole is basic and unsaturated in nature due to presence of double bonds in their ring structure. When two nitrogen atoms are associated with five menbered heterocyclic ring in 1,2 positions called as Pyrazole structure. It is also known as 1,2-diazole. It is present in many drugs as well as organic compounds and Pharmaceutical compounds. The review study shown that the structure, physical and chemical properties, nomenclature, synthetic approaches, biological activities of Pyrazole heterocyclic ring structure