Background & AimsNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are common clinico‐pathological conditions that affect millions of patients worldwide. In this study, the efficacy of saroglitazar, a novel PPARα/γ agonist, was assessed in models of NAFLD/NASH.Methods & ResultsHepG2 cells treated with palmitic acid (PA;0.75 mM) showed decreased expression of various antioxidant biomarkers (SOD1, SOD2, glutathione peroxidase and catalase) and increased expression of inflammatory markers (TNFα, IL1β and IL6). These effects were blocked by saroglitazar, pioglitazone and fenofibrate (all tested at 10μM concentration). Furthermore, these agents reversed PA‐mediated changes in mitochondrial dysfunction, ATP production, NFkB phosphorylation and stellate cell activation in HepG2 and HepG2‐LX2 Coculture studies. In mice with choline‐deficient high‐fat diet‐induced NASH, saroglitazar reduced hepatic steatosis, inflammation, ballooning and prevented development of fibrosis. It also reduced serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and expression of inflammatory and fibrosis biomarkers. In this model, the reduction in the overall NAFLD activity score by saroglitazar (3 mg/kg) was significantly more prominent than pioglitazone (25 mg/kg) and fenofibrate (100 mg/kg). Pioglitazone and fenofibrate did not show any improvement in steatosis, but partially improved inflammation and liver function. Antifibrotic effect of saroglitazar (4 mg/kg) was also observed in carbon tetrachloride‐induced fibrosis model.ConclusionsSaroglitazar, a dual PPARα/γ agonist with predominant PPARα activity, shows an overall improvement in NASH. The effects of saroglitazar appear better than pure PPARα agonist, fenofibrate and PPARγ agonist pioglitazone.

Background Saroglitazar is a novel PPAR-α/γ agonist with predominant PPAR-α activity. In various preclinical models, saroglitazar has been shown to prevent & reverse symptoms of NASH. In view of these observations, and the fact that NASH is a progressive disease leading to HCC, we hypothesized that saroglitazar may prevent the development of HCC in rodents. Methods HCC was induced in C57BL/6 mice by a single intraperitoneal injection of 25 mg/kg diethylnitrosamine (DEN) at the age of 4 weeks and then feeding the animal a choline-deficient, L-amino acid- defined, high-fat diet (CDAHFD) for the entire study duration. Eight weeks after initiation of CDAHFD, saroglitazar (1 and 3 mg/kg) treatment was started and continued for another 27 weeks. Results Saroglitazar treatment significantly reduced the liver injury markers (serum ALT and AST), reversed hepatic steatosis and decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α in liver. It also resulted in a marked increase in serum adiponectin and osteopontin levels. All disease control animals showed hepatic tumors, which was absent in saroglitazar (3 mg/kg)- treatment group indicating 100% prevention of hepatic tumorigenesis. This is the first study demonstrating a potent PPARα agonist causing suppression of liver tumors in rodents, perhaps due to a strong anti-NASH activity of Saroglitazar that overrides its rodent-specific peroxisome proliferation activity. Conclusion The data reveals potential of saroglitazar for chemoprevention of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with NAFLD/NASH.

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Background: Sheetapitta (Urticaria) is one among the Tvak Vikara (Skin disease) that have similar Hetu (Cause) of Kotha and Udarda. Vata and Kapha are two "Doshas" (energies), which are primarily, disturbed which in turn is associated with Pitta resulting in Tridosha Prakopa (Aggravation of three energies) leading to redness, swelling itching on the skin etc. Symptoms include appearance of wheals all over the body with severe itching, burning sensation and pain. Symptomatology and causative factors of Sheetapitta can be considered similar to that of 'Urticaria'. Aim: This clinical study was carried out to evaluation of efficacy in Sheetpitta with special reference to Urticaria. Material – Navakarshik Kwath Ghan in dose of 2 tab of 500 mg twice a day with water after meal in duration of 15 days. Methodology – In this study include single group of 30 subjects of either gender in the age group of 16-60 years having complaining of reddish wheals, itching and pricking pain on body. Observation and Result  – Data regarding age wise, sex wise, allergy wise, diet wise, Prakruti (Nature) wise, hematological parameters and UAS (Urticarial Activity Score). Conclusion – Internal use of Navakarshik Kwath Ghan is found effective in the severity of itching.

Technology is evolving today more quickly than could have been anticipated. The benefits of these quick adjustments haven't lessened worries about data security. The Rubik's cube approach is used in the article to build security measures for images. Here, the image is encrypted using XOR operations and pixel shuffles, and it is decrypted in a similar manner. Using a key, the XOR operator is used to odd rows and columns of a photograph in order to muddle the relationship between genuine and encrypted images. The same key is reversed and used to align even picture rows and columns. And we discovered that it is a lot safer approach for encryption of images. This technology makes it possible to follow a good process for guaranteeing the security of the image files, which are transmitted practically every second. The algorithm has been tested on a variety of photo types, and the results are shown.