after approval by the Institute Ethics Committee. After getting written informed consent from patients, this study was carried out as a controlled, randomized (chit method), double blind, prospective study in 60 patients. Sensory and motor blockade of radial, median, musculocutaneous and ulnar nerves were recorded at regular intervals (at each min till complete blockade) after drug injection. Following observations were noted intra and post operatively. The duration of analgesia or first request for analgesic defined as the time to attain a Visual Analogue Score (VAS) of 4 or >4 after Ropivacaine administration. The VAS was recorded post-operatively every 30min till the score of 4 or >4. Results: Duration of sensory block was significantly longer in group RD as compared to group R (p < 0.001). It was found that duration of motor block increased more with Dexmedetomidine addition (407.33±53.09 min) than with Ropivacaine alone (278.66±44.77 min). There was significant increase in duration of analgesia in group RD (685.33±90.02 min) than with group R (344.00±52.06 min). In RD group 2 patients developed haematoma and only 1 patient develop blood in aspiration due to arterial puncture, and in R group 1 patient develop haematoma and 2 patients developed blood in aspiration. Conclusion:We conclude that Dexmedetomidine is a good adjuvant in supraclavicular brachial plexus block for upper limb surgeries.

To compare dexmedetomidine versus clonidine as the adjuvants with hyperbaric bupivacaine in subarachnoid block for lower limb orthopedic surgeries. Material and method: The present study included 160 patients undergoing lower limb orthopedic surgery under subarachnoid block at Department of anaesthesia, Mahatma Gandhi Missions Institute of Health Sciences, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra. Randomization was a statistical procedure by which the participants have been allocated into 2 different groups i.e. Group C (Clonidine group) and Group D (Dexmedetomidine group). Time of onset of motor block was assessed using Bromage scale. Analgesia duration was observed and recorded following pain scoring system-Visual analogue score (VAS). Results: It was observed that there was statistically significant difference between the total duration of sensory and motor block of the patient in the both groups. The difference in VAS scores were found to be statistically significant among two groups (p<0.05) at 2 hr, 2.5 hr and 3 hr. Conclusion:We concluded that dexmedetomidine 5µg is the preferred drug, when prolongation of spinal anaesthesia is desired in lower limb orthopedics surgeries.

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Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a condition which is

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