In this study, we report the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the aqueous leaf extract of Tridax procumbens (TNP), which acts as the source of the reducing and capping agent. The distinctive absorption at 370 nm suggested synthesis of TNPs, which was confirmed by TEM, with a size in the range of 11.1 nm to 45.4 nm and a spherical shape, having a face-centered cubic structure, analyzed by XRD, and a Zeta potential of -20.7 mV, which indicated a moderate stability of TNP. The FTIR analysis revealed the presence of amines and hydroxyl groups with fluoro compounds over the TNPs. The HRLC-MS analysis of TNPs suggested the presence of a major capping agent such as fosinopril and reducing agents such as peptides (Gln Gly Ala, Ser Pro Asn, and Leu Met), terpenoids (lupanyl acid, tiamulin), polyphenol (peucenin), and alkaloids (8 ′ ,10 ′ -dihydroxydihydroergotamine, carteolol). The synthesized silver nanoparticles exhibited antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical isolates (Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., Aeromonas spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida tropicalis) and had anticancer activity against A459 (IC50 42.70 μg/ml). The extraction of partially purified aqueous leaf extracts by silica gel column chromatography followed by HPLC to synthesize silver nanoparticles (TNP11) and analyzed by HRLC-MS suggested that dipeptides were involved in the reduction of Ag+ to Ag0. Overall, the results showed that the green silver nanoparticles of T. procumbens could be safe, as they are endowed with potential antimicrobial activity against MDR clinical isolates and human lung carcinoma cells.

Plant extracts and their bioactive compounds are considered as the promising options for green synthesis of nanoparticles instead expensive and hazardous materials. Here, Solanum xanthocarpum fruit was used for synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNP). The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by using chromatographic and spectroscopic analytical methods. AgNPs were confirmed by UV‐visible absorbance at 420–470 nm. TEM analysis showed AgNP with 22.45 nm average size. X‐ray diffraction studies revealed the crystalline and face central cubic nature of AgNPs. FTIR analysis revealed functional group present over AgNPs. The aminodiphenyl acetic acid, clomipramine, and fonisopril from fruit extracts were found to be major capping agents on AgNPs as a result of analysis by HRLC‐MS. All clinical isolates showed resistance for ampicilline, amoxyclav, niladixic acid, and sulphafurazole, suggesting multidrug resistance. The results showed that all isolates were sensitive to AgNPs synthesized fruit extracts. On the contrary, all isolates were resistant to whole S. xanthocarpum fruit extracts alone. The antimicrobial activity of AgNP was explored against multidrug‐resistant (MDR) Gram‐negative clinical isolates including Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., Aeronomonas spp. and Pseudomonas spp. MIC values ranged between 1.25 mg/ml and 2.5 mg/ml at 8 McFarland's standards. Minimum bactericidal concentration was found to be in between 2.5 mg/ml to 5 mg/ml. Nanoparticles synthesized from fruit extract of S. xanthocarpum containing aminodiphenyl acetic acid, clomipramine, and fonisopril metabolites exhibit promising antimicrobial activity against MDR Gram‐negative clinical isolates.

Inflammation is the body's immune response to combat suspected harmful effect by a stimulus. Antioxidants prevent chain of reaction that would result in the production of free radicals. Prolonged usage of steroids as anti-inflammatory agents is unsafe, demanding search for anti-inflammatory compounds with sustainable future. In this study, seeds and leaves of Solanum xanthocarpum were explored in vitro for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. The ethanolic extract of seeds and leaves of S. xanthocarpum was prepared by maceration. Anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of seeds (SE) and leaves (LE) was evaluated in terms of percent inhibition of albumin denaturation, membrane stabilization and protease inhibition. The antioxidant activity was estimated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrantiiazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay by exploiting 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine. Successive solvent extraction with maceration of seeds was carried out by using solvents ethanol, ethyl acetate, acetone and water. The ethanolic extracts of seeds and leaves of S. xanthocarpum demonstrates anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. The acetones extract exhibited potent antiinflammatory activity than ethyl acetate and aqueous extract. Results presented here suggest that the S. xanthocarpum exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potentiality.