Dementia in PD is likely to reflect interaction of the neuropathology of the basal ganglia and age-related pathology. The findings do not support the division of PD into early and late-onset cases.

Patency was comparable between fAVG and uAVG despite the larger caliber veins often encountered in the upper arm in carefully selected patients. Our findings support the traditional view that, in order to preserve a maximal number of access sites, the forearm location should be considered first before resorting to an upper arm graft.

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