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Amyloidosis is an uncommon heterogeneous and multi‐systemic disease characterized by extracellular amyloid deposition. The size of proteins varies and forms a part of local disease or systemic process. Light chain amyloidosis (AL) is the most prevalent form of systemic amyloidosis which may also be seen in localized disease. Isolated tracheobronchial amyloidosis (TBA) is rather unusual with local amyloid deposition which may pose a diagnostic dilemma with subsequent therapeutic challenge. Awareness of such a presentation is crucial in the diagnosis of this rare disease. We describe three cases who presented with haemoptysis, which on further evaluation were diagnosed as isolated TBA, and a review of literature.

IntrOductIOnLung cancer is one of the most common malignancies with high mortality, 13% of all new cancer cases and 19% of cancer related deaths worldwide are due to lung cancer. A 6.9% of all new cancer cases and 9.3% of all cancer related deaths in India are due to lung cancer. The 5 year survival rate is only 15% in the developed countries and a dismal 5% in the developing countries [1].

Lung cancer is one of the common malignancies with high mortality rate and a poor prognosis. Most lung cancer cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage either due to limited resources of infrastructure, trained human resources, or delay in clinical suspicion. Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) has emerged as a screening tool for early lung cancer detection but may not be a feasible option for most developing countries. Electronic nose (eNOSE) is a unique non-invasive device that has been developed for lung cancer diagnosis and monitoring response by exhaled breath analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The breath-print have been shown to differ not only among lung cancer and other respiratory diseases, but also between various types of lung cancer. Hence, we postulate that the breath-print analysis by electronic nose could be a potential biomarker for the early detection of lung cancer along with monitoring treatment response in a resource-limited setting. In this review, we have consolidated the current published literature suggesting the use of an electronic nose in the diagnosis and monitoring treatment response of lung cancer.

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