Introduction: India continues to be the diabetic capital of the world. According to the WHO report, India today heads the world with 32 million patients and this number is projected to increase to 79.4 million by the year 2030. Diabetes has become a great economic challenge as it drains between 5-25% of family income of an average Indian. Aims & Objectives: To study the awareness of diabetes among the adolescents. Materials and Method: Community based cross-sectional study. We collected data from 600 adolescents of age group 16-18years. A questionnaire consisting of questions that were based on the knowledge, awareness and practices regarding the risk factors of Diabetes were prepared. Students from 4 pre-university colleges in Mangalore, Dakshina Kannada district, were selected as the study group Results: 88.5% were aware of diabetes. According to 48.33% consumption of sweets only was a risk factor. 5.5% were aware that diabetes runs in families . 78.33 % were aware that diabetes can affect any age group and 73% knew about the increasing rate of diabetes in India. 72.16 % were sure that diabetes can be prevented and 25.5% said it was possible to completely cure .46% were under a misconception that a vaccine is present for diabetes and only 57.83%were aware of that diabetes can cause complications.

BACKGROUND Inguinal hernia is the commonest groin swelling. Some of the common predisposing factors to inguinal hernia are COPD, BPH and chronic constipation. This study aims to determine the post-operative significance of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Tumour Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) following open-and laparoscopic-TEP repair inguinal hernioplasty in the detection of tissue trauma. METHODS This study was conducted in the department of General Surgery from January 2017-June 2018 in Justice K. S. Hegde Charitable Hospital. The post-operative response of IL-6 and TNF-α was assessed among 40 patients undergoing open and laparoscopic-TEP repair inguinal hernioplasty. Mann-Whitney U test was used and the p-Value of <0.05 is considered statistically significant. RESULTS The post-operative rise in TNF-α following laparoscopic hernioplasty was statistically significant when compared to the open procedure (unilateral hernioplasty: p-Value-0.04 and bilateral hernioplasty: p-Value-0.009). No significant change was noted in IL-6 (unilateral hernioplasty: p-Value-0.65 and Bilateral hernioplasty: p-Value-0.29) CONCLUSIONS The post-operative change in TNF-α was considered significant when compared to IL-6. Thus, showing that TNF-α is a more reliable indicator of tissue trauma.

Background: Great saphenous vein (GSV) graft is commonly used for peripheral arterial reconstructions. Pseudo-aneurysm of GSV graft is a rare entity. It can be associated with high morbidity and can be prevented by technical modifications. We hereby report pseudoaneurysm of great saphenous vein (GSV) graft. Case Report: Our patient underwent femoro-popliteal bypass surgery after excision of degenerative pseudo-aneurysm of the left superficial femoral artery one month ago. The vein graft tear following aneurysmal rupture was patched up with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) patch. Patient had his limb saved by a repaired vein graft. We are highlighting the clinical pictures of this rare entity and also describing the management options for it. Conclusion: With early diagnosis and intervention, potentially dangerous and rare clinical condition like GSV graft pseudoaneurysm can be tackled with good result.