Land surface/ecosystem models (LSEMs) play a key role in understanding the Earth’s climate. They represent ecosystem dynamics by simulating fluxes occurring between the biosphere and atmosphere. However, for a correct flux simulation, it is critical to calibrate the model using robust and state-of-the-art calibration techniques. In this work, we optimize parameters of the Integrated Model of Land Surface Processes (INLAND) using the hierarchical multi-objective calibration method (AMALGAM) to improve the representation of surface processes in a natural ecosystem over the Pampa biome in South America. The calibration was performed using experimental data of energy and CO2 flux collected in a native field located in southern Brazil. We compared simulations using the default and calibrated parameter set. The results show that the calibration of the model significantly improved all fluxes analyzed. The mean errors and bias values were significantly reduced, and the seasonality of fluxes was better represented. This work is one of the first to apply a multi-objective calibration in an LSEM to represent surface fluxes in the Pampa biome, presenting a consistent set of parameters for future applications used in studies of biome land use and land cover.

Neste trabalho realizou-se a caracterização hidroclimatológica do trecho superior da Bacia do Rio Negro, localizado na porção brasileira. Para isso foram utilizados dados de precipitação e vazão fluvial provenientes do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET) e da Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA) do período de 1995 a 2014, coletados em diferentes pontos no entorno da bacia hidrográfica. A partir da análise dos dados, pode-se identificar que a média anual da (2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014) compared to the previous period (1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004) (2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014) compared to the previous period (1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004).

In this work, we investigated the impacts of land cover changes on the surface energy balance, on the Campos Sulinos of Southern Brazilian. For this, we used the INLAND model to simulate the multiple processes that occur in the soil-vegetation-atmosphere system, considering three experiments, called control (ctrl), agriculture (agr) and bare soil (bar). The results showed that the model was able to satisfactorily represent the surface energy flux considering the natural vegetation in the Pampa biome. The changes in the physiological parameters showed the great influence that the vegetation cover exerts on the components of the surface energy balance, especially in relation to the reduction of the net radiation (approximately 20% in the conversion 1 and 40% in the conversion 2), caused largely by the increase in surface albedo (around 10% in the conversion 1 and 17% in the conversion 2). Consequently, latent and sensitive heat fluxes also show a significant reduction.

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Sensibilidade do Modelo Distribuído Hidrológico da Biosferaàs propriedades hídricas do solo em uma pequena bacia de cerrado.Sensibility of Distribuited Biosphere-Hydrological Model to hydraulic soil properties for a small basin of woodland savanna.